高性能钢铁材料在实体膨胀管领域的应用前景

实体膨胀管技术作为一项先进的钻井技术,其技术优势在套损修复、固井、完井等领域逐渐显露出来。管材的设计研发是实体膨胀管3大关键技术之一,也是制约膨胀管应用的主要技术瓶颈。介绍了实体膨胀管的技术原理,综述了国内外实体膨胀管管材的研发现状,重点分析了实体膨胀管管材所需的力学性能。在此基础之上,着重介绍了现有的双相钢、TRIP-assisted钢以及高锰奥氏体TWIP/TRIP钢3种高塑性高强度钢铁材料的力学性能特点、材料设计原理及热处理工艺,对它们作为实体膨胀管管材使用的可行性进行了讨论。     

空冷弛豫对铌微合金化热轧TRIP钢组织性能的影响

通过热轧试验研究了轧后空冷弛豫时间对铌微合金化热轧TRIP中厚板组织和力学性能的影响,结合光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜及XRD分析了弛豫过程各组成相的尺寸、含量变化以及铁素体基体上的位错组态和微合金碳氮化物的析出行为.结果表明,采用820 ℃终轧并弛豫80～120 s后超快冷的工艺可以得到含有铁素体、贝氏体和残留奥氏体的多相组织,弛豫时间显著影响铁素体晶粒尺寸、铁素体量以及铁素体基体上的位错密度和沉淀析出量.随着弛豫时间的延长,试验钢的屈服强度和抗拉强度呈降低趋势.空冷弛豫80 s时,试验钢的抗拉强度、伸长率和强塑积分别达到820 MPa,37.5%和30750 MPa·%的最大值.     

Nb微合金化CMnSi、CMnAl热轧TRIP钢组织性能研究

研究了在相同的控轧控冷工艺条件下,N b微合金化CMnSi系与CMnAl系热轧TRIP钢的显微组织和力学性能。结果显示,由于Si的固溶强化作用和残余奥氏体在形变过程中的相变强化作用,使CMnSi系热轧TPIP钢的强度与塑性良好结合,抗拉强度为829Mpa,断裂总伸长率为25.44%,残余奥氏体晶粒间距小,充分弥散,可以得到较高的n值。     

高强度冷轧TRIP钢的工艺改进及组织性能

采用轧制结合Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机模拟连续退火,研究了以低温卷取和中间退火为主要特征的改进工艺对冷轧TRIP钢组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,低温卷取有利组织细化,中间退火工艺在降低冷轧抗力的同时有利提高钢在最终退火后的残留奥氏体量。等温淬火温度不同时,贝氏体形态与残余奥氏体量均不同,在400～420℃时可获得较高体积分数的残余奥氏体。改进工艺配合适当热处理工艺参数（420℃×5 min）条件下,实验冷轧TRIP钢的抗拉强度达到1030 MPa,总伸长率保持20%,综合性能优良。     

两相区加热对Si-Mn系TRIP钢组织和性能的影响

研究了两相区加热（奥氏体化）对低碳Si-Mn系TRIP钢组织和性能的影响。试验用钢分别经750℃、780℃、810℃、840℃加热,保温50 min,随后迅速将试样放入420℃的盐浴炉中等温1 h,再油冷至室温,结果得到贝氏体、铁素体、残留奥氏体的三相组织。通过拉伸试验,测得加热温度为810℃时,钢的综合性能Rm×A5达到最大值18 590 MPa.%,断后伸长率也达到最大值22%。在该温度奥氏体化的钢硬度和冲击韧度也达到了较高值。     

Influences of Thermal Martensites and Grain Orientations on Strain-induced Martensites in High Manganese TRIP/TWIP Steels

Strain-induced martensites in high manganese TRIP/TWIP steels were investigated in the presence of thermal martensites and under the influence of austenitic grain orientation by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD).Before deformation,the morphology of α’-M depended mainly on the number of variants and growing period.Regardless of martensite morphologies and deformation,the Kurdjumov-Sachs(K-S) orientation relationships always maintained.The 6 α-M variants formed from a plate of ε-M were of 3 pairs of twins with a common axis <110> α’ parallel to the normal of {111} γ habit plane to minimize transformation strain.When α’-M could be formed only by deformation,it nucleated at the intersection of ε-M variants and grew mainly in thick ε-M plates.Thick ε plates promoted significantly the α’-M and weakened the influence of grain orientations.During tension,the transformation in <100>-oriented grains was observed to be slower than that in <111>-oriented grains.Deformation twins promoted ε-M formation slightly and had no apparent effect on α’-M.Deformation increased the number of ε-M variants,but reduced that of α’-M variants.     

Behaviour Model of Austenitic Stainless Steels for Automotive Structural Parts

One of the most important preoccupation of car manufacturers is to reduce emissions and hence to reduce weight of cars. One of the outstanding materials able to reduce weight while at the same time keeping the same crash absorption and hence safety, is austenitic steel. Austenitic stainless steels are used in crash relevant parts of cars. Moreover, designers can use their very good corrosion resistance and their well known surface aspect for structural visible parts like wheels, cross members, roof panels or tailgates. In this paper, stainless steels for automotive use are presented in detail. First, their chemical composition and tensile properties are explained. Then, a model for forming and crash behaviour is described. Using this model, stainless steels can be engineered into automotive parts and thus stainless steel can be considered as a workable and predictable material for the automotive industry.     

Finite element analysis of the effects of martensitic phase transformation in TRIP steel sheet forming

This paper aims at investigating the effects of the martensitic phase transformation on the formability of unstable austenitic steel sheets. To this end, the constitutive model developed by Iwamoto and Tsuta (International Journal of Plasticity 2002;18:1583–606) has been implemented in the user's material subroutine of the finite element code Abaqus/Explicit. The different contributions of the martensitic transformation to the overall plastic behaviour are analysed with the aim of assessing their influence in sheet-metal forming. The effects of transformation strains, and of the stress-state dependence of the kinetics of phase transformation are critically discussed in the case of the cup drawing test. The simulation results are also compared with experimental cup tests from the literature.     

Performance evaluation of an automation system — determination of a benchmzrk process

An average “real” process is determined from 55 processes automated by an automation system. This a first step in developing realistic benchmark processes for making objective evaluation tests between the performance of different automation systems. The most important properties of the average process that are independent of the automation system used and that are important performance indicators are presented in the paper.The real process, representing the statistical mean of the process data best, is a papermachine with a pulp making department. The process has 141 analog inputs, 50 binary inputs, 90 analog outputs, 63 binary outputs, 77 motor controls, 8 motor value controls, 308 process interfaces, and 165 displays.     

基于OPB780颜色传感器的颜色测量系统的设计

针对可编程OPB780颜色传感器对颜色识别的快速和高精度的特点,采用该颜色传感器设计了非接触式颜色检测电路,用该系统测量出560个标准色卡的RGB频率值,与该560个色卡的RGB颜色空间值进行比对,从数据采集结果的对比图可以看出,采集的频率值同标准RGB颜色空间值具有较好的映射关系,所设计的颜色测量系统取得良好效果。