One-dimensional consolidation of double-layered soil with non-Darcian flow described by exponent and threshold gradient

Based on non-Darcian flow law described by exponent and threshold gradient within a double-layered soil, the classic theory of one-dimensional consolidation of double-layered soil was modified to consider the change of vertical total stress with depth and time together. Because of the complexity of governing equations, the numerical solutions were obtained in detail by finite difference method. Then, the numerical solutions were compared with the analytical solutions in condition that non-Darcian flow law was degenerated to Dary’s law, and the comparison results show that numerical solutions are reliable. Finally, consolidation behavior of double-layered soil with different parameters was analyzed, and the results show that the consolidation rate of double-layered soil decreases with increasing the value of exponent and threshold of non-Darcian flow, and the exponent and threshold gradient of the first soil layer greatly influence the consolidation rate of double-layered soil. The larger the ratio of the equivalent water head of external load to the total thickness of double-layered soil, the larger the rate of the consolidation, and the similitude relationship in classical consolidation theory of double-layered soil is not satisfied. The other consolidation behavior of double-layered soil with non-Darcian flow is the same as that with Darcy’s law.     

基于颗粒流的矽卡岩静态加载速率效应研究

采用颗粒流离散元软件PFC2D,通过Fish语言编写程序,模拟了矽卡岩岩样3级不同加载速率下的室内单轴压缩试验,并分析了其静态加载速率效应。模拟结果表明:模拟得到的岩样破裂形态、应力-应变曲线、峰值强度变化等与试验结果较为吻合;加载速率增大,峰值强度及其对应的应变增大,且在10-2数量级内增幅明显,峰后变形能力减弱,弹性模量、泊松比基本不变;加载速率增大,临界扩容应力和扩容点对应应变增大,扩容曲线软化段都很平缓,体积膨胀急剧;岩样主要破坏形态为剪切破坏,且随着加载速率增加,由单一剪切破裂过渡到共轭剪切破裂,更易形成锥形破坏。研究结果可为相关岩体的室内试验及岩土工程的稳定性评价提供参考。     

单调荷载下带加劲肋钢板混凝土剪力墙力学性能有限元分析

目的 研究一种新型带加劲肋钢板的混凝土剪力墙的力学性能.方法 利用ABAQUS有限元软件在剪力墙顶端加侧向位移,针对不同参数如轴压比,剪力墙厚度,钢板厚度等的剪力墙的力学性能进行研究,分析剪力墙的承载力和屈服位移.结果 剪力墙的承载能力随着内置于剪力墙的钢板厚度,剪力墙的厚度,轴压比,混凝土强度等级的增加而增加.带加劲肋钢板的剪力墙比普通混凝土剪力墙的承载能力和屈服位移都有很大的提高,钢板对剪力墙屈服后强度的提高有很大帮助.结论 带加劲肋的钢板内置于剪力墙中能大幅度提升剪力墙的单调荷载下的力学性能.     

Model test of helical angle effect on coal loading performance of shear drum

The work presented in this paper focuses on improving coal loading performance of shear drum.Employing the similarity theory,we carried out a dimensional analysis of the correlation parameters which in...     

温度荷载作用下连续变截面钢箱梁剪力滞效应研究

钢箱梁桥以其良好的结构受力性能在现代桥梁结构中得到广泛的应用,在施工阶段或在运营阶段,箱梁上均存在由温度引起应力过大的现象．采用空间有限元法对大跨连续钢箱梁桥在温度荷载作用及自重作用下的剪力滞效应进行了详细的分析,得出箱梁在温度荷载作用下剪力滞效应的一般规律和初步结论,为掌握该类型结构在温度荷载下的力学特性提供了参考     

Nutrients and water level fluctuations: A study of three aquatic plants

Water holes characteristic of the middle sections of fragmented, lowland, semi‐arid rivers act as refuge areas for biota during low flow and drought. However, river regulation and catchment development has altered the hydrological and nutrient status of these refuges. A series of artificial ponds were used to imitate these habitats and experiments were designed to determine whether stochastically fluctuating water levels with maximum amplitude of 65 cm would counteract the influence of nutrient enrichment on the growth of three key aquatic plant species. The species (Cyperus gymnocaulos, Triglochin procerum and Typha domingensis) represented different functional groups that inhabit contrasting zones across the elevation gradient. Each species was grown at a different elevation within the experiment reflecting each species' elevation preference and supplied with the equivalent to 0, 10 or 30 g N m^?2 year^?1. Under a static water regime nutrient enrichment doubled the total biomass of all three species. In contrast under a fluctuating water regime, nutrient addition did not influence total biomass of either T. domingensis or T. procerum and the performance of C. gymnocaulos was reduced by ca. 30%. These data suggest that if environmental flows were managed to provide a natural stochastically fluctuating water regime, this would nullify the influence of nutrient enrichment and limit the distribution and spread of invasive species such as Typha, that exists under the current altered conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of ship motion on spinal loading during manual lifting

This study investigated the effects of ship motion on peak spinal loading during lifting. All measurements were done on a ship at sea. In 1-min trials, which were repeated over a wide range of sailing conditions, subjects lifted an 18 kg box five times. Ship motion, whole body kinematics, ground reaction forces and electromyography were measured and the effect of ship motion on peak spinal moments and compression forces was investigated. To investigate whether people time their lifts in order to reduce the effect of ship motion on back loading, trials were performed at a free and at a constrained (lifting every 10s) work pace. With increase of the (local) vertical ship acceleration, increased moments and compression forces were found. Furthermore, lifting at a free work pace did not result in smaller effects of ship motion on spinal moments and compression forces than working at a constrained work pace.     

Use of pressure insoles to compare in-shoe loading for modern running shoes

The primary objective of this paper was to compare in-shoe loading for different models of running shoe using measurements of force distribution. It was hypothesised that a shoe designed with minimal focus on cushioning would demonstrate significantly higher peak forces and rates of loading than running shoes designed with cushioning midsoles. Loading was compared using in-shoe peak forces for six footwear conditions. It was found that peak rate of loading at the heel provided clear distinctions between shoes. In support of the study hypothesis, the shoe with minimal focus on cushioning had a significantly higher rate of loading than all but one of the other test shoes. Data collected for midfoot and forefoot areas of the foot highlighted the importance of considering loading across the foot surface. The results of the present study demonstrate that pressure insoles provide a useful tool for the assessment of loading across the foot plantar surface for different footwear conditions. There are numerous models of running shoe for individuals to select from, with limited information available regarding the performance of the shoes during running. The current study demonstrates differences in loads across the foot plantar surface during running, indicating differences in performance for different footwear models.     

钢桁架连梁-联肢剪力墙耗能机理及抗震性能试验研究

对设置全钢桁架连梁和设置钢筋混凝土、钢桁架混合连梁的双层联肢剪力墙平面结构进行了拟动力试验和低周反复荷载试验,研究了不同工况地震波作用下剪力墙的时程响应,以及其破坏机理、承载力、滞回延性性能、耗能机理、刚度及强度退化机理。试验结果表明：全部设置钢桁架连梁的剪力墙的刚度分布合理,耗能机理及刚度强度退化机理符合联肢剪力墙抗震设计的要求。大震时,在保证较高耗能能力的同时能够维持较高的承载力和刚度,持续约束墙肢,抗震性能优于混凝土连梁联肢剪力墙体系,是一种较理想的连梁设置方案。     

新型基因枪微弹材料可行性初步研究-Ⅰ

基因枪在未来临床基因转导中很有前途,但目前所用微弹材料金、钨都属于重金属,其长期存在于人体的安全性尚无法估计。提出用羟基磷灰石(HAP)微粒来代替金或钨微粒,从理论上推导了这种取代的可行性,并报告了一种HAP微粒的制备及其负载DNA的研究结果。理论推导完全按照物理学方法进行。实验部分的方法:将稳定剂H以一定速度和比例滴入一定浓度的Ca(H2PO4)2溶液中,再按照一定的速度和比例滴入Ca(OH)2饱和溶液,期间或完成后超声处理一定时间,将所得HAP微粒溶液与亚精胺和DNA以一定比例和浓度在一定pH条件下混合。结论:所得HAP粒径值符合要求,并且能够高效负载DNA。