An analytical solution for geotextile-wrapped soil based on insights from DEM analysis

This paper presents a novel analytical solution for geotextile-wrapped soil based on a comprehensive numerical analysis conducted using the discrete element method (DEM). By examining the soil–geotextile interface friction, principal stress distribution, and stress–strain relations of the constituent soil and geotextile in the DEM analysis, a complete picture of the mechanical characterization of geotextile-wrapped soil under uniaxial compression is first provided. With these new insights, key assumptions are verified and developed for the proposed analytical solution. In the DEM analysis, a near-failure state line that predicts stress ratios relative to the maximums at failure with respect to deviatoric strain is uniquely identified; dilation rates are found to be related to stress ratios via a single linear correlation regardless of the tensile stiffness of the geotextile. From these new findings, the assumptions on the stress-state evolution and the stress–dilatancy relation are developed accordingly, and the wrapped granular soil can therefore be modeled as a Mohr–Coulomb elastoplastic solid with evolving stress ratio and dilation rate. The development of the proposed analytical model also demonstrates an innovative approach to take advantage of multiscale insights for the analytical modeling of complex geomaterials. The analytical model is validated with the DEM simulation results of geotextile-wrapped soil under uniaxial compression, considering a wide range of geotextile tensile stiffnesses. To further examine the predictive capacity of the analytical model, the stress–strain response under triaxial compression conditions is solved analytically, taking both different confining pressures and geotextile tensile stiffnesses into account. Good agreement is obtained between the analytical and DEM solutions, which suggests that the key assumptions developed in the uniaxial compression conditions also remain valid for triaxial compression conditions.     

黄土坡滑坡原状滑带土的蠕变与应力松弛性质

为了更好的研究黄土滑坡滑带土的蠕变与应力松弛特性,从黄土滑坡地下硐室群内采集大尺 寸原状滑带土样,在分级加载条件下进行蠕变和应力松弛试验,得到不同应力等级下的蠕变曲线和应力 松弛曲线。基于试验结果,分析了黄土滑坡滑带土的流变特性。选取西原模型作为该滑带土的流变模 型,并对应力松弛的本构方程进行了参数拟合,得到了模型参数。分析得到了适合该滑坡滑带土的经验 方程,并且进一步研究了应力、应变与时间三者之间的关系,通过回归分析得到了黄土滑坡滑带土的应 力松弛函数。     

龙滩水电站水轮机转轮残余应力的测试及评价

龙滩水电站水轮机转轮在工地制作。其制作过程中,首次对转轮进行了系统地残余应力测试,测试成果可比性强。龙滩水电站混流式水轮机转轮残余应力的测试目的、方法和手段、测试结果及对测试成果所作的分析和评价可供今后类似工程参考。     

混凝土的施工温度与裂缝

通过多年的现场观察,通过查阅有关混凝土内部应力方面的资料,对混凝土温度裂缝产生的原因、现场混凝土温度的控制和预防裂缝的措施等进行了阐述。     

Erosion of glacial till from the St. Clair River (Great Lakes basin)

Variations in water level observed in Lakes Michigan and Huron during the last few decades have motivated a comprehensive study involving climatic, hydrologic and hydraulic factors organized by International Joint Commission of the Great Lakes. It has been submitted, among other possible causes, that changes in conveyance in the St. Clair River could be contributing to the lowering of the upper Great Lakes water level. Sediment transport processes, in particular bed scour and erosion, can affect significantly a river's conveyance, thus creating the need to assess the erodibility properties of the river bed. To this end, laboratory tests were performed in order to obtain the value of the critical shear stress needed to erode the cohesive fraction of the bed sediment material, known as glacial till, from the St. Clair River. Different flows with increasing velocities were run up to the point where initial sediment erosion could be observed. Through detailed near-bed velocity measurements using a laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) system, a value of 4.2 N/m² was obtained as the critical shear stress for the erosion of glacial till. A threshold for the critical shear stress for erosion of similar cohesive sediments was also found and expressed in dimensionless form. These results could be used in combination with mathematical models to estimate the risk of scour and erosion at locations where the glacial till is exposed to both strong currents and flow forces induced by the large navigation vessels commonly observed along the course of the St. Clair River.     

改善高拱坝陡坡坝段应力集中的结构分缝形式研究

针对在高拱坝中普遍存在的陡坡坝段温度应力集中问题,以典型工程为例,采用一种新的结构分缝形式,应用三维有限元程序,对陡坡坝段从施工期到运行期的温度场、应力场进行仿真计算,通过改变结构分缝形式,为解决高拱坝陡坡坝段的应力集中问题寻找一条新的途径。     

A NEW MEASURE FOR DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF THE BED SHEAR STRESS OF WAVE BOUNDARY LAYER IN WAVE FLUME

In this article, a shear plate was mounted on the bottom in a wave flume and direct measurements of the smooth and rough bed shear stress under regular and irregular waves were conducted with the horizontal force exerted on the shear plates by the bottom shear stress in the wave boundary layer. Under immobile bed condition, grains of sand were glued uniformly and tightly onto the shear plate, being prevented from motion with the fluid flow and generation of sand ripples. The distribution of the bottom mean shear stress varying with time was measured by examining the interaction between the shear plate and shear transducers. The relation between the force measured by the shear transducers and its voltage is a linear one. Simultaneous measurements of the bottom velocity were carried out by an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV), while the whole process was completely controlled by computers, bottom shear stress and velocity were synchronously measured. Based on the experimental results, it can be concluded that (1) the friction coefficient groews considerably with the increase of the Reynolds number, (2) the shear stress is a function varying with time and linearly proportional to the velocity. Compared with theoretical results and previous experimental data, it is shown that the experimental method is feasible and effective, A further study on the bed shear stress under regular or irregular waves can be carried out. And applicability to the laboratory studies on the initiation of sediments and the measurement of the shear stress after sediment imigration.     

堆石料在不同应力路径下的颗粒破碎特性

采用大三轴试验设备,对直径为300 mm、高为600 mm的圆柱体堆石料试样进行了三种不同应力路径的固结排水试验,包括常规三轴压缩试验、等平均应力试验及等向压缩试验,探讨不同应力路径下堆石料的颗粒破碎特性,常规三轴压缩试验围压为200、400、800、1 200 k Pa,等平均应力试验平均应力为200、400、600、800 k Pa。试验结果表明,应力路径对堆石料的颗粒破碎特性有很大的影响。常规三轴压缩试验的应力—应变关系近于双曲线,低围压时试样先剪缩后剪胀、高围压时剪缩;等平均应力试验的应力—应变曲线呈应变软化型,体变表现为先体缩后剪胀。计算得到的颗粒破碎指数表明,等平均应力试验的颗粒破碎最为严重,等向压缩试验的颗粒破碎轻微。     

拱坝应力计算结果可视化研究

有限元计算软件Ansys计算功能强大,但在后处理方面有时不能满足研究人员特殊的要求。以拱坝为例,有限元计算软件无法对计算出的拱坝内部应力进行显示及沿拱面的应力显示。利用可视化的手段实现这些后处理功能,以OpenGL为开发平台,直接对Ansys产生的数据处理,编写一个能显示拱坝真实感、拱坝内部的应力及沿拱面分解应力的后处理程序,补充完善了Ansys的后处理功能。     

声频应力波法检测水布垭工程锚杆施工质量

使用声频应力波法在湖北清江水布垭电站进行了工程锚杆和模型锚杆注浆密实度检测的试验研究和工程实测.试验研究及实测成果表明:工程锚杆实测波形可按模型锚杆测试波形分类法分类,对应各级波形基本相似,模型锚杆检测的注浆密实度与实际密实度接近.因此,声频应力波法可用于工程锚杆注浆密实度的检测.