Compact multiband planar monopole antenna for Bluetooth,LTE, and reconfigurable UWB applications including X‐band and Ku‐band wireless communications

In this article, a small‐printed Bluetooth/LTE/UWB/X‐band/Ku‐band monopole antenna with high rejection triple band‐notch is presented. Notched bands include WiMAX (IEEE802.16 3.30‐3.80 GHz), WLAN IEEE802.11a/h/j/n (5.15‐5.35 GHz, 5.25‐5.35 GHz, 5.47‐5.725 GHz, and 5.725‐5.825 GHz), and downlink satellite system (7.1‐7.9 GHz). By including inverted T‐shaped stub and etching two C‐shaped slots on the radiating patch, triple band‐notch function is obtained with measured high band rejection (VSWR = 14.59 at 3.69 GHz, VSWR = 39.40 at 5.42 GHz, and VSWR = 6.43 at 7.57 GHz) and covers a UWB useable fractional bandwidth of 157.75% (2.285‐19.35 GHz = 17.065 GHz). Reconfigurable characteristics are obtained using PIN diodes, which control the individual notched bands. Proposed antenna is printed on Rogers RT/duroid5880 substrate with compact dimensions of 20 × 22 mm². Proposed antenna finds its applications for Bluetooth, LTE, UWB, other multiple wireless applications for close range radar (8‐12 GHz) in X‐band, and satellite communication in Ku‐Band with omnidirectional pattern in H‐plane.     

Fatigue life assessment of nodular cast iron containing casting defects

The fatigue behaviour of a nodular cast iron containing casting defects has been investigated in the high-cycle fatigue regime. In this paper, we propose a fatigue life assessment model for flawed materials based on a fracture mechanics approach which takes into account the position and size of the defect, short crack behaviour and the notch effect introduced by the defect. The fatigue behaviour of smooth samples, and long and short crack behaviour have been experimentally determined in order to identify the relevant mechanical parameters; these being introduced into the model. An experimental study has been made both in air and in vacuum in order to account for the position of the defect, noting that internal defects are supposed to be under vacuum conditions. Experimental results, which are based on a two-crack front-marking technique specially developed for this study, show that the propagation of natural cracks is controlled by the effective stress intensity factor in air as well as in vacuum. The K calculation for a short crack in the stress field of a notch is analysed using numerical elastic–plastic results. Comparison between experimental results and the computation of fatigue life for fatigue lives less than 10⁶ cycles shows that the fatigue behaviour of nodular cast iron is controlled by a propagation process. The model proposed is thus relevant for fatigue lives less than 10⁶ cycles so that the defect can be considered as a crack and the initiation stage neglected. Closer to the fatigue limit, this study shows that the initiation stage should be considered in the assessment of fatigue life of nodular cast iron, because a single macroscopic propagation assessment is not enough to describe the whole fatigue life. The defect cannot be considered as a pre-existent crack in the high-cycle fatigue range (>10⁶ cycles), and the initiation stage that contains microcrack propagation around the defect should be evaluated when assessing the high-cycle fatigue life of nodular cast iron.     

A simplified method for predicting the stress concentration in notches from experimental stress data

This paper describes a simple procedure to obtain very reliable estimates of the stress concentration at the root of a notch using only data from points beneath the notch root along its axis of symmetry. The advantages of the method are (i) data from only a few points are needed, (ii) the necessary computations require only a hand held calculator, (iii) inaccurate data becomes quite apparent to the analyst, and (iv) random experimental errors are largely compensated.     

Fatigue of welded hybrid‐joints

Only for steels up to grade S690QL the well‐known fact is confirmed that the fatigue strength of welded joints is independent of the material. For higher strength steels a remarkable reduction of the fatigue strength is found. Some advice is given for designers in which situations the one or the other of the various approaches for the assessment of the fatigue strength of welds could be applied. In complex, real situations even the highly sophisticated effective notch stress approach might loose its applicability. A new alternative approach is proposed for these situations. It is based on stresses in real notches and an example is presented for the familiar case of a start‐stop position.     

Using torsional bar testing to determine fracture toughness

A new method to determine fracture toughness K _IC of materials is introduced. A round-rod specimen having a V-grooved spiral line with a 45° pitch is tested under pure torsion. An equibiaxial tensile/compressive stress state is effectively created to simulate conventional test methods using a compact-type specimen with a thickness equivalent to the full length of the spiral line. K _IC values are estimated from the fracture load and crack length with the aid of a three-dimensional finite element analysis. K _IC of 7475-T7351 aluminium is estimated to be 51.3 MPa √m, which is higher than the vendor's value in the TL orientation by ∼0.8% and higher than 0.5T compact tension (CT) value by 6%; A302B steel yields 54.9 MPa √m being higher than CT test value by ∼2%. Good agreement between the K _IC values obtained by different methods indicates the proposed method is sound and reliable.     

Deformation analysis of notched components and assessment of approximate methods

Finite element modelling was conducted on notched members subjected to proportional and non-proportional loading. A recently developed cyclic plasticity model capable of accurately describing cyclic material behaviour was implemented into a finite element code. A plate with a central hole and a shaft with a circumference groove were studied. Approximate methods for the notched problems were critically evaluated using the finite element results.     

微量钛对低碳硼钢冲击韧性的影响

研究了微量钛对低碳硼钢冲击韧性的影响．结果表明：在－６０℃～＋２０℃范围内，加入微量钛的低碳硼钢的冲击韧性普遍较好，随着温度升高，冲击韧性值增大，但其冲击韧性值变化幅度不大．在－６０℃～＋２０℃范围内，必须的钛含量超出时，这些过剩的钛对低碳硼钢的冲击韧性没有明显影响．     

改型的GH4145镍基合金

为了提高改型的ＧＨ４１４５合金的中温塑韧性，消除缺口敏感性，研究了不同热处理工艺对合金性能的影响。结果表明，在适当的热处理条件下，改型的ＧＨ４１４５合金在５００￣７００℃区的塑性得到改善，并且消除了缺口敏感性，达到了汽轮机紧固件用材料的技术要求。     

地震频谱分解技术应用中有关问题的讨论

薄层反射在频率域会出现陷频现象,其陷频周期的倒数等于薄层的时间厚度.频谱分解技术以此为理论基础对地层厚度进行预测.从此原理出发,阐述了频谱分解技术对原始地震数据体的高保真要求和定义频率范围的原则.实际应用时,利用沿层调谐体,通过求取频率域第一优势频带的频率进行地层厚度预测;利用各单一频率调谐体对薄层进行检测,利用调谐能量的变化对横向不连续的地质异常体空间分布特征进行描述.实际应用结果表明,频谱分解技术比传统的基于时间域地震主频的方法对地质体有更高程度的识别.     

缺口几何尺寸对钢材疲劳强度的影响

研究了缺口零件的疲劳行为,表明缺口的几何尺寸对零件疲劳强度有明显的影响。从钝缺口样品的研究得到了几何尺寸的影响是通过改变缺口处的应力梯度来实现的,其值可以用线弹性断裂力学进行估算。缺口尺寸对疲劳强度的影响能用几何尺寸因素进行解释,而当缺口逐渐变得尖锐时,在某一个极限范围内塑性区域应变开始对裂纹萌生起重要作用,这时的疲劳强度比用几何尺寸影响来预测的值要低。这种情况下的缺口样品疲劳强度该方法不再适用,则需用其它方法进行估算。