Effect of hydrophilic pipe structure of proton exchange membrane fuel cell on water removal from the gas diffusion layer surface

In a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), effective GDL surface water elimination is significant to water management. This paper used the volume-of-fluid method (VOF) method to carry out simulation research on transferring liquid water in the flow channel with a hydrophilic pipe. The findings indicated that compared with a straight channel, a hydrophilic pipe structure could effectively remove water from the gas diffusion surface (GDL) and reduce the surface water coverage of the GDL. With the increase in the diameter and height of the pipe structure, the GDL surface's water coverage first increased and then decreased, and it was less with the pipe structure than with the direct flow channel. The removal rate of water on the GDL surface was accelerated. The spacing of hydrophilic pipes has a significant impact on the transportation of water. As the spacing increases, the removal rate of water on the GDL surface slowed. A hydrophilic pipe structure with a diameter of 75 μm, a height of 400 μm, and spacing of 300 μm has good water removal performance on the GDL surface. This research work proposes a new internal structure design of the flow channel, which has specific implications for removing water on the GDL surface.     

Experimental study and numerical modeling of mixing by air injection in yield stress fluids using the OpenFOAM software

Mixing by gas injection is an operation used in industrial processes such as wastewater treatment, metallurgy, or methanization in which pressurized gas is injected into a fluid in order to reduce concentrations and temperatures gradients. This study demonstrates how the CFD toolbox OpenFOAM can be used to simulate such flows. Experimental measurements and observations have been performed on a pilot-scale reactor where pressurized air is injected in a yield stress fluid. The volume of fluid method and an adaptive mesh with refinement at the interface have been used to track the gas inclusions. The numerical model accuracy has been assessed by comparing experimental and numerical results related to the bubble's frequency, dimensions, and rising velocities as well as the fluid recirculation, yielded, and unyielded regions in the tank. The influence of injection parameters such as the injection flow rate and the fluid rheological parameters has been quantified.     

Validation of a 3D multiphase-multicomponent CFD model for accidental liquid and gaseous hydrogen releases

As hydrogen-air mixtures are flammable in a wide range of concentrations and the minimum ignition energy is low compared to hydrocarbon fuels, the safe handling of hydrogen is of utmost importance. Additional hazards may arise with the accidental spill of liquid hydrogen. Such a release of LH2 leads to a formation of a cryogenic pool, a dynamic vaporization process, and consequently a dispersion of gaseous hydrogen into the environment. Several LH2 release experiments as well as modeling approaches address this phenomenology. In contrast to existing approaches a new CFD model capable of simulating liquid and gaseous distribution was developed at Forschungszentrum Jülich. It is validated against existing experiments and yields no substantial lacks in the physical model and reveals a qualitatively consistent prediction. Nevertheless, the deviation between experiment and simulation raises questions on the completeness of the database, in particular with regard to the boundary conditions and available measurements.     

琴键堰水力特性数值模拟

为了探究琴键堰水力特性,采用VOF模型模拟了琴键堰运行时的三维流场,采用Lempérière的试验结果验证了VOF模型数值模拟方法的可靠性。通过不同几何结构的琴键堰进行的正交数值试验,确定了影响琴键堰泄流效率的主要几何参数;并针对这些几何参数,进行了数值仿真计算和理论分析,推导了琴键堰的新流量计算公式,经验证,该公式最大相对误差为6.7%,平均相对误差为3.7%。研究成果可为琴键堰的设计和工程应用提供可靠理论依据。     

温度分层海洋表面的波动特性

海洋中的温度/密度分层是一种普遍现象。该文基于N-S方程,结合Airy波浪理论和VOF两相流模型,数值模拟了分层海洋中的波动特性。通过与理论解的对比验证了数值模型的有效性。研究了波浪作用下的海面波动特征、温度/密度分层情况下波动的传播过程以及密度分层对波动抑制的影响。研究发现,在海面处、下层海水处,温度波动并不符合明显的正弦特性,存在着"削峰"现象,更接近于"方波"的特性,体现了由温度分层导致密度变化所引起的抑制效应。该文的结论对研究海洋表面热量交换、营养物质的输运、船舶航行和波浪的传播等具有借鉴意义。     

基于VOF模型的台阶式溢洪道数值模拟

为了深入研究台阶式溢洪道水流特性,通过利用FLUENT软件,采用标准k-ε紊流模型模拟湍流流场和VOF模型追踪自由水面的方法对某水库台阶式溢洪道流场进行数值模拟,得到了台阶式溢洪道的自由水面、水流流场、压强分布等水力特性,并与物理模型试验结果进行对比.结果表明:计算值与实测值吻合较好,数值模拟能够快捷获得更加全面的流场信息;同时发现,台阶内存在漩涡,紊动能和紊动耗散率较大,台阶水平面存在压强峰值,而垂直面出现负压区,可为台阶式溢洪道的优化设计提供可靠的参考依据.     

溢洪道出口窄缝挑坎特性研究

消能工体型的选择在水利工程设计中至关重要。采用RNG k-ε紊流模型与VOF方法对泄洪过程中溢洪道与水垫塘内的水流进行水气二相流三维数值模拟,研究窄缝型挑坎消能工的水流特点及规律,结果显示,数值模拟计算的水深、水流流态、入水角度等参数与模型试验结果吻合较好,验证了数值模拟的可行性。在此基础上,计算分析了窄缝型挑坎收缩段水流及空中水舌的水力特性,以及水垫塘底板压强分布规律,确定出窄缝型挑坎最大压强所在位置及空中水舌流速变化规律。研究结果表明：窄缝型挑坎束窄水流作用明显,其空中水舌同一横断面的最大流速位置基本相同,同一纵向断面垂向流速差沿程逐渐减小,挑坎收缩段底板处流速大小呈抛物线形分布,而压强分布沿程呈现3个区间3个趋势的分布规律。研究成果可为实际工程中同类型消能工的设计提供参考。     

Passage of a bubble through the interface between a shear-thinning heavier liquid and a Newtonian lighter liquid

Abstract

Numerical simulations are carried out to study the phenomenon of passage of a bubble through the interface between two initially quiescent liquids. The heavier liquid is a viscous shear-thinning liquid whereas the lighter liquid is a viscous Newtonian liquid. The computational model, which is based on axisymmetric computational domain and VOF (volume of fluid) method, is validated by using the data reported in literature. The validated computational model is then used to perform parametric analysis to understand the effects of bubble diameter, interfacial tension between the two liquids and flow index of the heavier liquid on the drainage time, drainage height, retention time and retention height of the bubble at the liquid–liquid interface. Finally, correlations for retention time and retention height are proposed.     

基于VOF法的液舱晃荡数值模拟及载荷计算

建立了液舱晃荡的有限元模型,运用CFD计算软件Fluent 6.3模拟了单激励和耦合激励下不同舱室结构以及不同幅度的液舱晃荡,并计算监测点压力,得到了晃荡在激励下的变化规律。对仿真结果进行讨论分析。     

一种中空离心式喷嘴流场特性的研究

利用VOF(volume of fluid)方法和realizable湍流模型对中空离心式喷嘴的气液两相流动进行了数值模拟,并将模拟结果与实验数据进行了对比,两者结果吻合良好。模拟结果表明:旋流室内压力随半径的减小而减小;在中心1/3半径范围内存在低压区,其存在将会引起喷口外部空气抽吸,形成空气心,空气心半径越大,液膜越薄,在大于1/3半径区域内有较高的动压,将引起液膜在该区域扩展喷淋。喷嘴出口处液相体积分数为1,离喷口距离越远,液相体积分数越小;出口速度随入口压力的增大而增大,出口速度的方向以及喷嘴内流体迹线图表明了液体是旋转流出喷嘴的。