Assembly and Characterization of Biocompatible Coenzyme Q10-Enriched Lipid Nanoparticles

Coenzyme Q₁₀ (CoQ₁₀) is a strongly hydrophobic lipid that functions in the electron transport chain and as an antioxidant. CoQ₁₀ was conferred with aqueous solubility by incorporation into nanoparticles containing phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) and apolipoprotein (apo) A-I. These particles, termed CoQ₁₀ nanodisks (ND), contain 1.0 mg CoQ₁₀/5 mg PtdCho/2 mg apoA-I (97% CoQ₁₀ solubilization efficiency). UV/Vis absorbance spectroscopy of CoQ₁₀ ND revealed a characteristic absorbance peak centered at 275 nm. Incorporation of CoQ₁₀ into ND resulted in quenching of apoA-I tryptophan fluorescence emission. Gel filtration chromatography of CoQ₁₀ ND gave rise to a single major absorbance peak and HPLC of material extracted from this peak confirmed the presence of CoQ₁₀. Incubation of cultured cells with CoQ₁₀ ND, but not empty ND, resulted in a significant increase in the CoQ₁₀ content of mitochondria as well as enhanced oxidative phosphorylation, as observed by a ~24% increase in maximal oxygen consumption rate. Collectively, a facile method to solubilize significant quantities of CoQ₁₀ in lipid nanoparticles has been developed. The availability of CoQ₁₀ ND provides a novel means to investigate biochemical aspects of CoQ₁₀ uptake by cells and/or administer it to subjects deficient in this key lipid as a result of inborn errors of metabolism, statin therapy, or otherwise.     

Rosuvastatin Enhances the Catabolism of LDL apoB‐100 in Subjects with Combined Hyperlipidemia in a Dose Dependent Manner

Dose‐associated effects of rosuvastatin on the metabolism of apolipoprotein (apo) B‐100 in triacylglycerol rich lipoprotein (TRL, d < 1.019 g/ml) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) and of apoA‐I in high density lipoprotein (HDL) were assessed in subjects with combined hyperlipidemia. Our primary hypothesis was that maximal dose rosuvastatin would decrease the apoB‐100 production rate (PR), as well as increase apoB‐100 fractional catabolic rate (FCR). Eight subjects received placebo, rosuvastatin 5 mg/day, and rosuvastatin 40 mg/day for 8 weeks each in sequential order. The kinetics of apoB‐100 in TRL and LDL and apoA‐I in HDL were determined at the end of each phase using stable isotope methodology, gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, and multicompartmental modeling. Rosuvastatin at 5 and 40 mg/day decreased LDL cholesterol by 44 and 54 % (both P < 0.0001), triacylglycerol by 14 % (ns) and 35 % (P < 0.01), apoB by 30 and 36 % (both P < 0.0001), respectively, and had no significant effects on HDL cholesterol or apoA‐I levels. Significant decreases in plasma markers of cholesterol synthesis and increases in cholesterol absorption markers were observed. Rosuvastatin 5 and 40 mg/day increased TRL apoB‐100 FCR by 36 and 46 % (both ns) and LDL apoB‐100 by 63 and 102 % (both P < 0.05), respectively. HDL apoA‐I PR increased with low dose rosuvastatin (12 %, P < 0.05) but not with maximal dose rosuvastatin. Neither rosuvastatin dose altered apoB‐100 PR or HDL apoA‐I FCR. Our data indicate that maximal dose rosuvastatin treatment in subjects with combined hyperlipidemia resulted in significant increases in the catabolism of LDL apoB‐100, with no significant effects on apoB‐100 production or HDL apoA‐I kinetics.     

Egg Consumption Modulates HDL Lipid Composition and Increases the Cholesterol-Accepting Capacity of Serum in Metabolic Syndrome

We recently demonstrated that daily whole egg consumption during moderate carbohydrate restriction leads to greater increases in plasma HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and improvements in HDL profiles in metabolic syndrome (MetS) when compared to intake of a yolk-free egg substitute. We further investigated the effects of this intervention on HDL composition and function, hypothesizing that the phospholipid species present in egg yolk modulate HDL lipid composition to increase the cholesterol-accepting capacity of subject serum. Men and women classified with MetS were randomly assigned to consume either three whole eggs (EGG, n = 20) per day or the equivalent amount of egg substitute (SUB, n = 17) throughout a 12-week moderate carbohydrate-restricted (25–30 % of energy) diet. Relative to other HDL lipids, HDL-cholesteryl ester content increased in all subjects, with greater increases in the SUB group. Further, HDL-triacylglycerol content was reduced in EGG group subjects with normal baseline plasma HDL-C, resulting in increases in HDL-CE/TAG ratios in both groups. Phospholipid analysis by mass spectrometry revealed that HDL became enriched in phosphatidylethanolamine in the EGG group, and that EGG group HDL better reflected sphingomyelin species present in the whole egg product at week 12 compared to baseline. Further, macrophage cholesterol efflux to EGG subject serum increased from baseline to week 12, whereas no changes were observed in the SUB group. Together, these findings suggest that daily egg consumption promotes favorable shifts in HDL lipid composition and function beyond increasing plasma HDL-C in MetS.     

基于FPGA的数据采集系统的研究与实现

针对生产现场的实际要求,利用FPGA集成开发软件Quartusll和Verilog硬件描述语言,基于Cyclone系列芯片设计实现了实时数据采集系统。从设计思路、实现方案以及调试结果等几方面详细阐述了FPGA协调控制下的数据实时采集、存储、传输等实现过程。相关运行结果表明系统性能稳定、响应快速,完全满足设计要求,验证了设计实现方案的可行性和有效性。     

高速RS(204,188)译码器的FPGA实现

介绍了数字电视广播中广泛采用的RS(204,188)译码器原理和FPGA实现方案,采用并行的三级流水线结构以提高速度,并根据Berlekamp-Massey(BM)算法对译码器进行了优化设计,减少了硬件消耗.译码器的最大时钟频率可以达到75MHz.译码器的性能仿真和FPGA实现验证了该方案的可行性.     

基于FPGA的BLVDS总线设计

针对现有的航空总线系统结构复杂、传输速率低、电磁兼容性差等问题,提出了一种基于FPGA的总线型低压差分信号(BLVDS)总线解决方案.介绍了BLVDS的总线结构,对BLVDS的通信方式和基于FPGA使用硬件描述语言实现BLVDS总线通信的方法进行了深入研究.同时,分析了信号传输质量,在工程中验证了其高速率和高可靠的总线传输特性,为新一代航空高速总线系统提供了参考.     

低能量He—Ne激光血管内照射对血脂的影响

应用低能量Ｈｅ—Ｎｅ激光血管内照射外周循环血液，结果显示：与对照组相比较，Ｔ—Ｇ差异显著（Ｐ＜０．００５），Ｔ—ｃｈ与ＨＤＬ—ｃｈ差异非常显著（Ｐ＜０．０１—０．００５）．说明低能量Ｈｅ—Ｎｅ激光血管内照射，可遏制高脂血症及心脑血管病等的发生。     

改进的直方图均衡图像增强算法及实现

直方图均衡是一种基本的图像增强处理方法。传统的直方图均衡算法由于其复杂性,在硬件实现时往往需要FPGA和DSP的协处理,不仅耗费逻辑资源,而且实时性差,特别是在处理视频图像时,对处理速度的要求更高。为了使算法能够在FPGA上具体实现,文中对算法进行了改进,实现了直方图统计和均衡的并行执行,利用Verilog语言对算法进行了完全可综合的RTL级描述,在Linux系统上应用Ncverilog进行了编译仿真,并利用Synplify Pro8.2.1进行了综合,最后给出了仿真及综合结果。     

采用AMBA总线的SoC中UART的设计与实现

在“双向有线DTV信道传输SoC芯片”中,采用了AMBA总线作为片上总线,为了与外部设备进行串行通讯,必须设计采用AMBA总线接口的UART。介绍了UART的功能结构与实现方法。采用Top—Down的设计方法进行模块化设计,使用Verilog语言进行描述．最终用FPGA验证通过并投入使用。     

基于CycloneⅢ的CCK调制、解调全新电路研究与实现

研究了用于IEEE802.11b无线局域网中的一种高效调制方式--CCK调制方式,提出一种全新的、用FPGA实现的CCK调制、解调方法,这种全新的方法简化了计算过程,减少了计算工作量.运用Verilog HDL语言在最新的Cy-cloneⅢ器件(EP3C25F324C8NES)上完成了最新电路的实现.该方案用FPGA可实现节省硬件资源,提高CCK调制、解调的速度,实现CCK调制、解调的全数字化SOPC设计.