���ҳ����ˮƽ�����ѹ�Ѽ���

??Deep shale gas reservoirs buried underground with depth being more than 3 500 m are characterized by high in-situ stress, large horizontal stress difference, complex distribution of bedding and natural cracks, and strong rock plasticity. Thus, during hydraulic fracturing, these reservoirs often reveal difficult fracture extension, low fracture complexity, low stimulated reservoir volume (SRV), low conductivity and fast decline, which hinder greatly the economic and effective development of deep shale gas. In this paper, a specific and feasible technique of volume fracturing of deep shale gas horizontal wells is presented. In addition to planar perforation, multi-scale fracturing, full-scale fracture filling, and control over extension of high-angle natural fractures, some supporting techniques are proposed, including multi-stage alternate injection (of acid fluid, slick water and gel) and the mixed- and small-grained proppant to be injected with variable viscosity and displacement. These techniques help to increase the effective stimulated reservoir volume (ESRV) for deep gas production. Some of the techniques have been successfully used in the fracturing of deep shale gas horizontal wells in Yongchuan, Weiyuan and southern Jiaoshiba blocks in the Sichuan Basin. As a result, Wells YY1HF and WY1HF yielded initially 14.1×104 m3/d and 17.5×104 m3/d after fracturing. The volume fracturing of deep shale gas horizontal well is meaningful in achieving the productivity of 50×108 m3 gas from the interval of 3 500–4 000 m in Phase II development of Fuling and also in commercial production of huge shale gas resources at a vertical depth of less than 6 000 m.     

Influence of the layer thickness and hydrogen dilution on electrical properties of large area amorphous silicon p–i–n solar cell

The aim of this work is to present data concerning the optimization of performances of a large area amorphous silicon p–i–n solar cell (30×40 cm²) deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) at 27.12 MHz. In this work the solar cell was split into small areas of 0.126 cm², aiming to study the device performance uniformity, where emphasis was put on the role of the n-layer thickness. The solar cells were studied through the spectral response behaviour in the 400–750 nm range as well as by the behaviour of the AC impedance. Solar cells with fill factor of 0.58, open circuit voltage of 0.83 V, short circuit current density of 17.14 mA/cm² and an efficiency of 8% were obtained at growth rates higher than 0.3 nm/s.     

交流变频调速技术在工业锅炉风机中的应用

本文针对江西洪都钢厂锅炉原系统存在的问题,提出了利用交流变频调速技术改造锅炉鼓风机电控系统的设计思路,简单介绍了交流变频调速技术在工业锅炉风机中的应用情况,指出了实际应用的节能效果。     

大庆油田聚合物驱油矿场试验动态反映特点

本文对大庆油田聚合物驱油矿场试验中所获得的资料进行了综合分析,揭示了聚合物注入过程中的压力变化规律、聚合物在油层中的流动行为及聚合物驱油效果反映特点,从而深化了对聚合物驱油机理的认识,对今后聚合物驱油方案设计、动态分析及效果评价具有指导作用。     

木棉散纤维静态热性能测试分析

探讨木棉纤维的静态热性能。以压缩木棉、未压缩木棉和90%灰鸭绒为原料,测试了它们的升温和降温特点,并研究了各原料集合体体积质量对其保暖性的影响。研究结果表明,升温速率和降温速率由低到高依次均为羽绒、未压缩木棉、压缩木棉;木棉纤维集合体的体积质量对集合体保暖性有重要影响。认为:木棉纤维经过挤压后,其保暖性会有所下降;在有限空间内,通过控制木棉集合体体积质量维持其中较多的静止空气,可以提高纤维制品的保暖性。     

Kappa carrageenan fluid gel material properties. Part 2: Tribology

Semi-solid and liquid food thickeners typically take the form of either polymeric or particulate structures. These structures are known to control flow properties and mixing efficiency which can influence performance, texture and the perception of tastants and aromas. However, their structural influence on thin-film rheology (tribology), which is also relevant for texture perception, is not so well understood. In this investigation, the tribology in a boundary regime of lubrication is tested using kappa carrageenan lubricants formulated both in solution and as gelled particles in suspension (fluid gels) to provide new insights into the structural influence of thickener type on tribology. Polymeric lubricated systems were shown to be dominated by elastic deformation of the tribo surfaces and particulate suspensions were dominated by particles acting as contacting asperities of the mating surfaces. The tribology of gelled particles was shown to depend strongly on particle elasticity where less deformable (stiffer) particles reduce surface–surface contact and therefore reduce friction coefficients. The effect of particle volume fraction on friction coefficient is related to the number of particles entraining the contact and not particle–particle interactions or bulk rheological behaviour.     

水性UV光油附着性能的研究

附着力是水性UV光油非常重要的性能,直接影响了光油的涂布质量和后续加工工序的进行。采用不同的预聚物及单体制备水性UV光油样品,通过一系列实验研究,探讨了体积收缩性及润湿性对水性UV光油附着力的影响。实验结果表明,体积收缩性对光油的附着力有明显的影响,体积收缩率越小,光油对基材的附着力越好;单体官能度越高,体积收缩越大;润湿是水性UV光油能附着在基材上的必要条件,对附着力没有直接的影响。     

HXD蒸气喷射量对叶丝膨胀效果及卷烟内在质量的影响

分别在不同起始干燥含水率条件下进行了不同蒸气喷射量对叶丝膨胀及卷烟内在质量的综合影响因素研究。结果表明:采用相对较低起始干燥含水率进行干燥时,随着蒸气喷射量的增加,叶丝填充值逐渐增加,烟支的卷制重量逐渐下降;采用相对较高起始干燥含水率进行干燥时,蒸气喷射量对叶丝在线膨胀的影响不明显,随着蒸气喷射量的增加,叶丝填充值及烟支卷制重量差异不大;在气流干燥过程中,根据配方档次及起始干燥含水率的不同,需要的蒸气喷射量也不同,对相对较低起始干燥含水率的中高档卷烟宜不加或少加蒸气;对相对较高起始干燥含水率的低档卷烟适当加大蒸气量,有利于卷烟内在质量的改善。     

基于NURBS曲面数据的船体体积计算方法的研究

应用ObjectARX在AutoCAD上进行二次开发,设计并实现了基于NURBS曲面数据的船体体积的计算程序。与传统的先建立数学模型,再测出特征点、关键点后进行拟合计算的单点测量方法相比,在效率和技术上得到了更好的改进,提高了计量的准确性和可靠性。     

铬酸－磷酸体系钝化成膜机理的初步探讨

根据ＥＤＸ，ＸＰＳ和ＸＲＤ分析结果，阐述镀锌层在含磷酸低浓度铅酸溶液中钝化成膜过程和成膜反应。实践和理论表明，所形成的钝化膜实际上是铬酸钝化反应和磷化反应的有机结合，它是一种凝胶的铬酸盐和磷酸盐复合型钝化膜。