含水汽凝析气体系相态仿真模拟研究

凝析气藏中的水汽对凝析气体系相态变化有影响。在地层中等温降压时,含水汽的烃类体系会发生反凝析现象。在反凝析现象中会产生凝析水和凝析油。这些反凝析液的聚集效应会造成凝析气井的产能严重损失。这就使得控制反凝析液的析出成为提高凝折气藏采收率的关键。在研究中,总结了含水汽凝析气体系的相态特征。同时,在对某含水汽凝析气体系相态实验分析的基础上,对该体系分考虑水汽和不考虑水汽2种情况进行相态仿真模拟。模拟结果大致与实验观测值一致。     

解决高速公路沥青路面早期损坏的技术途径

在对国内大量高速公路调查研究的基础上,论述了我国高速公路沥青路面早期损坏的两种类型:属于短时期内发生的水损坏、车辙、开裂损坏,以及沥青路面的耐久性差、使用寿命短的深层次早期损坏。针对水损坏、车辙、裂缝等局部性质的早期损坏,从路面结构、材料、施工、设计、管理等各方面分析了原因,提出了一系列有效防治高速公路早期损坏的技术措施。     

油砂SAGD水平井钻井液体系

针对SAGD水平井在油砂开发过程中井壁失稳、托压易黏附卡钻及沥青沾染钻具和固控设备等难题,室内通过核心处理剂的优选,研发了一套强抑制高润滑水基钻井液体系。室内性能评价表明,该钻井液抗温180℃,抗沥青20%,抗钻屑25%,岩屑滚动回收率为91.7%,润滑性能与油基钻井液基本相当。强抑制高润滑水基钻井液在麦凯河区块5对（10口） SAGD水平井施工过程中性能稳定易调整,润滑效果突出,机械钻速高,无任何复杂事故。结果表明,强抑制高润滑水基钻井液完全满足浅层油砂SAGD水平井施工工艺的技术需求,具有推广应用价值。      

计算水驱气藏水侵量及动态地质储量的集成方法

气藏动态地质储量及水侵量是水驱气藏开发设计的重要参数,目前常使用气藏物质平衡法进行计算,但是运用常规物质平衡法计算水驱气藏水侵量和动态地质储量时,由于人工选取回归点、识别图版等过程会产生较大误差,常出现不同方法地质储量及水侵量计算结果不同的情况。针对以上问题,对水侵量计算物质平衡法中的差值法、图版法、视地质储量法进行分析,建立3种方法之间的约束条件,形成新的计算方法,并进行实例计算。通过实例分析了常规物质平衡法误差来源,并验证新方法,计算结果表明新方法具有较好的实用性和可靠性,可以推广运用到有水气藏动态储量及水侵量的计算。     

一种新颖的表面等离子谐振效应光波导水质传感技术

光学表面等离子谐振（ＳＰＲ）效应是一种很有效的水质检测技术，经过详细的理论推导，同了ＳＰＲ反射光强的普遍适用公式。在纯水与受污染水两种情况下，根据一些已知参数计算出结果。由计算结果数据一出的曲线比较表明，ＳＰＲ效应在两种情况下有明显差别，这也正是ＳＰＲ效应用于水质检测的理论根据。     

水溶性涂料使用性能研究

本文通过试验对水溶性涂料的耐盐雾腐蚀性能，耐热性能，高低温冲击性能，耐油性能，涂膜与铁基体，面漆的给合力及涂膜表面电阻进行研究，同时指出了该涂料在军用电子产品上的应用前景。     

Yield,water use efficiency and economic analysis of energy sorghum in South Texas

Yields, water use efficiency and economic returns (net farm revenues) of biomass sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] were investigated over two years (2012 and 2014) under limited water resource conditions. Energy sorghum was grown under four water supply regimes: rain-fed (or dry-land, level 1), 50% (level 2), 75% (level 3) and 100% (level 4) of crop evapotranspiration rates (% ET_c). Biomass yields ranged from 5.8 to 16.6 Mg ha⁻¹ (dry weight) after 126 days of growth. Average water use efficiencies ranged from 3.95 kg m⁻³ to 23.4 kg m⁻³. Net return was approximately 410 $ ha⁻¹ with water depths above 400 ha-mm. These results suggest that it is possible to obtain more than 60 Mg ha⁻¹ of sorghum biomass (wet basis) with at least 425 mm of water. While biomass yield under irrigation was greater than rain-fed conditions, there were no significant differences among irrigation treatments. Biomass chemical composition did not differ significantly among water treatments suggesting that biofuel quality would not be affected by water deficits.     

低渗储层注水伤害研究

低渗透的宝浪油田是中偏强水敏储层,在进行了各种防膨措施后,注水压力仍不断上升,从25MPa上升至32MPa,依然欠注,即使频繁进行酸化、洗井等增注作业,效果也不理想。文章通过注入水水质分析和控含铁、含氧量进行的模拟地层水岩心流动驱替实验,认为注水造成储层堵塞的真正原因是注入水含铁含氧量偏高。注入水中含铁含氧,形成了Fe(OH)_2、Fe(OH)_3胶体,这类铁氧化合物,或包裹注入水中的固有颗粒,使颗粒粒径增大,形成"软颗粒",或产生新的颗粒,同注入水中的刚性颗粒相互作用,造成储层严重堵塞。即使少量的铁氧化合物,因低渗储层孔喉细小,其造成的堵塞也非常明显,在避免水敏的情况下,驱替120PV时伤害率达37.0%,而常规刚性颗粒堵塞,驱替180PV仅3.4%。所以,该低渗油藏注水开发,不但要防膨和控制注入水的颗粒粒径和颗粒浓度,尤为重要的是控制注入水的含铁、含氧量。     

Effect of orientation and slope on hygrothermal behavior of roof assembled with selected components

Effect of orientation and slope on hygrothermal behavior of roof assembled with selected components on its hygrothermal response was investigated using a common software tool. Simulations were performed for eight types of roof facing four principle directions, north, east, south and west. The slope of roof varied by step of 15° from 15 to 45. The hygrothermal response was simulated for a period of two years in a French climate. The weather for this study was generated using a weather generator software. Maximum moisture content in the different components of each roof type, were compared. In this study, the roof type where both sides of the thermal insulation are covered with smart vapor retarders is recommended.     

Photocatalytic degradation of pesticide contaminants in water

Photocatalysis has been proved to be an effective and inexpensive tool for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from water. Of particular interest in this context, in recent years, has been the complete photocatalytic mineralisation of a variety of pesticides into harmless products. The technique is now reaching the pre-industrial level, with several pilot plants and prototypes being operational in various countries. This paper reviews the major developments in the area, with special reference to the mechanism of the process involved, nature of the reactive intermediates and final products.