Optimal design of a tunable electromagnetic shunt damper for dynamic vibration absorber

Dynamic vibration absorber (DVA) is an effective device for suppressing resonant vibration of noisy machineries and structures. However, the optimum design of DVA requires precise tuning of the damping force in the DVA, which unfortunately is often not practical and prone to changes of working conditions. In this paper, a tunable electromagnetic shunt damper (EMSD) with different opposing magnet pairs configurations is tested for the optimum design of DVA. The optimum magnet pairs configuration is derived to provide the maximum damping force in the DVA. Both simulations and experiments are conducted to verify the damping coefficient variation with the number of magnet pairs in the EMSD. The experimental optimization procedure of the DVA is designed according to the fixed-points theory. The damping force generated by the EMSD can be readily adjusted by varying the external resistance of the EMSD. This is the first experimental implementation report of the optimization procedure described in the fixed-points theory. The proposed tunable EMSD can conveniently allow for onsite optimal tuning of DVA. The proposed design methodology provides fine tuning of the damping coefficient of EMSD to achieve robust optimal DVA performance, even when subject to changes of external parasitic damping.     

Feed-direction ultrasonic vibration−assisted milling surface texture formation

The formation mechanism of surface texture for feed-direction ultrasonic vibration?assisted milling (UVAM) was investigated in this study by establishing a kinematic model and a pressing model of UVAM. The kinematic model showed that the cutter tip, which was supposed to be totally sharp, produced closed scratches by crossed trajectories. The variation trends of the interval for closed textures were of sine function. A comparative experiment was carried out by UVAM and conventional milling. A dividing line close to the X coordinate divides the surface feature into two parts. The pressing model showed that the tool minor cutting edge left clear traces with certain width because of the tool minor cutting edge angle. Scratches by tool minor cutting edge were intermittent and regularly varied when feed-direction vibration was introduced. All the surface feature changes are in the radial direction and the trajectory intersections shall always be the scratch grooves or ridges. The ratio between ultrasonic vibration frequency and spindle speed, tool radius, and the located cutter rotation angle affected the changing rule of scratches by tool minor cutting edge. The analytical models and the experimental results proved to each other reasonable.     

罗河铁矿井下爆破振动对地表环境影响的监测与预测

为了研究罗河铁矿井下爆破振动对地表建筑物的影响,根据该矿的地表环境、爆破参数和爆破振动安全允许标准,采用NUBOX-6016振动监测仪,TP3V-4.5三维速度传感器和BM View软件对地表振动速度和频率进行两次监测。第一次3个点布置在地表离爆点为600 m、650 m、700 m的地方;第二次2个点布置在地表措施井和村庄附近。通过径、切、垂向的监测数据计算出最大合速度为0.757 cm/s,振动频率在30 Hz左右,远小于爆破安全规程所允许范围,得出该矿的爆破振动对地表的建筑物没有破坏作用。根据萨道夫斯基经验公式,用一元回归分析计算出三维方向相应K、α值,得出了三个方向的爆破振动速度预测公式,利用该公式可对今后地表建筑物的安全性进行预测,且为条件类似矿山爆破安全生产提供指导。     

基于粗糙集模糊神经网络的爆破振动预测

以某地下水封洞库爆破工程为研究对象,全面考虑影响爆破振动的各种因素,提出了基于粗糙集理论的模糊神经网络(RS-FNN)预测方法进行质点峰值速度和主频率预测。首先采用粗糙集理论获得最优属性集,然后对实测数据进行模糊处理,建立质点峰值速度和主频率的12-25-1 RS-FNN网络预测模型,并与基于萨道夫斯基经验公式的预测模型进行对比研究。研究结果表明:RS-FNN对质点峰值速度预测要优于经验公式,同时,RS-FNN也首次实现了对主频率的预测,为保障工程爆破安全提供了一定的理论指导。     

阻尼材料的老化对其减振性能影响数值模拟分析

采用PANTRAN/NASTRAN有限元数值模拟分析软件,对未老化和使用10年的某型粘弹性阻尼材料处理的基座减振特性进行了预测分析。结果表明,在500 Hz以内的频率范围内,未老化和使用10年的材料,其加速度振级变化约为5d B以上,尤其在300 Hz以内的低频段,变化达10 d B以上。     

列车运行引起坡子街村房屋振动测试与分析

武广城际铁路列车通过坡子街村时,导致了该村A、B、C三栋房屋明显振动。为了分析房屋振动原因,进行了现场振动测试,从而获得了列车通过时三栋房屋的振动时程。依据测试数据,分别从时域和频域两方面进行处理分析,分析表明:高速列车运行产生的振动引起B、C两栋房屋x轴方向发生共振现象。由于共振效应,B、C两栋房屋x轴方向振动速度峰值反而大于距铁路更近的A栋房屋。结果还发现:列车运行速度加快会明显增加房屋共振的幅度,但列车长度对房屋共振的幅度及振动持时影响均不明显。     

下穿既有隧道爆破振动响应研究

以沪昆客专贵州段小高山隧道泄水洞下穿既有高铁隧道正洞爆破施工为工程实例,在泄水洞开挖下穿既有铁路隧道时,为确保既有隧道结构安全和爆破振动影响问题,采用稳健回归和小波包等分析技术,研究了在既有隧道正洞内设置沙质缓冲层,其在下穿隧道施工中爆破地震波特征和传播机制。结果表明:主频率分布范围较广;缓冲层有效地吸收了大部分高频带能量,到达既有隧道结构的能量主要集中在第2~第4频带部分,振动速度峰值降低了34%左右,各方向的主振频率主要位于5~70 Hz的中低频范围;切向的能量占主要优势,须重点关注。研究为下穿既有隧道正洞施工,保证其结构安全和沉降满足要求奠定了理论基础,该成果可为类似下穿隧道工程和小距离隧道工程爆破振动控制提供参考。     

航天器振动试验控制技术进展

航天器对恶劣动力学环境的适应能力直接关系到整个航天飞行任务的成败,振动试验控制技术是动力学环境试验的关键环节.本文分析了近年来国内外航天器振动试验设备和振动控制算法的研发动态、基本原理和关键技术达到的水平.提出了跟踪研究的基本思路,途径及建议.     

支承舱减振性能分析

支承舱是运载火箭与航天器之间的重要连接结构,支承舱的振动特性是力学环境设计需要考虑的因素之一.本文从振动环境控制的角度进行支承舱结构动力学分析,阐述了一种基于支承舱振动特性研究的改善航天器力学环境的方法.在有限元建模过程中,引入了材料级性能试验.计算并比较了不同材料支承舱结构对航天器振动环境的作用,比较了连接面形式对振动环境的影响.基于分析结果给出了进一步研究的建议.     

中立型时滞反馈扭转控制系统的稳定性分析

研究了中立型时滞动力吸振器抑制扭转系统的振动问题.针对一类强迫扭转振动系统,采用动力系统的稳定性理论分析了动力吸振器与扭转振动系统的稳定性问题,以时滞为参数,分别得到了动力吸振器与扭转振动系统的稳定区域,并研究时滞变化时动力吸振器对于主振动系统振动的吸收效果,通过与时滞动力吸振器对比,得到了更大的吸振器和减振系统时滞稳定工作区域,通过数值模拟验证了结论的正确性.