美国滴画大师杰克逊·波洛克作品探析

杰克逊·波洛克(Jackson Pollock)作为美国抽象表现主义的代表人物,他执着于追求艺术情感的真实表达,并勇于尝试一切有助于情感表达的绘画形式,最终以极富挑战的行动绘画创造出自由不羁的抽象表现主义新作,从而成为20世纪美国最有影响力的艺术家之一。在其作品恒久魅力的背后,是深藏在线条交织与色彩碰撞中的强烈情感表现以及勇于突破传统的挑战精神。     

儿童对人性化产品的影响力

现在的产品设计与开发,不再以成人世界为主流,市场趋势逐朝向更年青的消费者为主。在儿童成长的过程中,除了家人、亲友陪伴,伴随成长的产品扮演了不可或缺的角色。我国对少年儿童产品设计仍存在些主要问题:设计创新能力不足、造型美感能力薄弱、对使用者的人性角度关怀不够、使用材质与安全性欠缺考虑和考虑角度不够人性化。设计者应在儿童产品设计上,添加更多人性化角度,在产品中应强调细节开发、色彩等,从中建立儿童个人独特个性和发展。     

浅析国产动画创作中的突破与传承

近年来,国产动画产业成长迅速,日益朝着产业规模化的方向发展,然而在动画艺术的创作上却始终找不到准确的定位,无法突破瓶颈。本文试从动画电影的内容与形式两方面进行分析,探索一条适合中国动画发展的道路,提出了结合贴近现代社会生活的题材与符合中国传统审美意识的艺术形式的创作理念。     

浅谈民间年画的艺术特色

年画是我国的一种古老民间艺术,是中国民间最为普及的艺术品之一。它是中国民俗的形象反映,是节日文化风俗的典型体现,是中国民俗、年俗文化的代表。它在漫长的发展过程中传播和丰富了民族文化,也强健和完善了自身的艺术形象。本文从民间年画的历史渊源、造型手法、构图特点以及色彩样式这几方面进行了阐述。     

城市街区空间引导系统的设计思考

城市街区空间引导系统与人们的日常生活息息相关,为人们的出行提供了便捷的标识引导,同时它也是城市形象的重要组成部分之一。本文分析总结了该系统的设计原则,并从视觉传达学科入手分析其视觉元素的设计。为了设计无语言障碍和有个性、地域化的城市街区空间引导系统,从符号、文字、色彩三方面对其进行设计思考。     

手机产品交互设计与用户体验探析

运用交互设计和用户体验的基本概念、产品交互系统组成图解、用户体验四元素,结合手机产品设计的用户调查和列表分析,获得了手机产品交互设计和用户体验的最终评价,通过这一比较和探析的过程证明,交互设计是未来设计尤其是工业产品设计的努力的方向和目标,用户体验是设计的终极参照。     

Novel bulk modulus model to estimate stiffness in fluid power systems

A precise evaluation of the bulk modulus is essential for the efficient simulation and accurate design of hydraulic circuits. The compression and dissolution of air bubbles in hydraulic oil can affect the density as well as the effective bulk modulus during corresponding operation. To address this phenomenon, this study presents a novel model for the bulk modulus. The representation does not rely on the tangent or the secant definition of the bulk modulus, but on the assumption of compression as a polytropic process. The results are compared to various experimental studies, showing that the new model can properly reproduce the experimental data. In addition, a model based on new bulk modulus and a model based on a commercial software are used for the simulation of four-chamber cylinder in digital fluid power circuits. These simulations verify that the LMS model can be reliable though a discrepancy exists in reproducing the position of piston, which will be increased by time.     

Determinants of internal and external R&D offshoring: evidence from Spanish firms

This paper analyses the determinants of R&D offshoring of Spanish firms using information from the Panel of Technological Innovation. We find that being an exporter, international technological cooperation, continuous R&D engagement, applying for patents, being a foreign subsidiary, and firm size are factors that positively affect the decision to offshore R&D. In addition, we find that a lack of financing is an obstacle relatively more important for independent firms than for firms that belong to business groups. For these latter, we also obtain that the factors that influence the decision to offshore R&D differ depending on whether the firm purchases the R&D services within the group or through the market: a higher degree of importance assigned to internal sources of information for innovation as compared to market sources increases (decreases) the probability of R&D offshoring only through the group (market).     

A rear-end collision risk assessment model based on drivers’ collision avoidance process under influences of cell phone use and gender—A driving simulator based study

Driver’s collision avoidance performance has a direct link to the collision risk and crash severity. Previous studies demonstrated that the distracted driving, such as using a cell phone while driving, disrupted the driver’s performance on road. This study aimed to investigate the manner and extent to which cell phone use and driver’s gender affected driving performance and collision risk in a rear-end collision avoidance process. Forty-two licensed drivers completed the driving simulation experiment in three phone use conditions: no phone use, hands-free, and hand-held, in which the drivers drove in a car-following situation with potential rear-end collision risks caused by the leading vehicle’s sudden deceleration. Based on the experiment data, a rear-end collision risk assessment model was developed to assess the influence of cell phone use and driver’s gender. The cell phone use and driver’s gender were found to be significant factors that affected the braking performances in the rear-end collision avoidance process, including the brake reaction time, the deceleration adjusting time and the maximum deceleration rate. The minimum headway distance between the leading vehicle and the simulator during the rear-end collision avoidance process was the final output variable, which could be used to measure the rear-end collision risk and judge whether a collision occurred. The results showed that although cell phone use drivers took some compensatory behaviors in the collision avoidance process to reduce the mental workload, the collision risk in cell phone use conditions was still higher than that without the phone use. More importantly, the results proved that the hands-free condition did not eliminate the safety problem associated with distracted driving because it impaired the driving performance in the same way as much as the use of hand-held phones. In addition, the gender effect indicated that although female drivers had longer reaction time than male drivers in critical situation, they were more quickly in braking with larger maximum deceleration rate, and they tended to keep a larger safety margin with the leading vehicle compared to male drivers. The findings shed some light on the further development of advanced collision avoidance technologies and the targeted intervention strategies about cell phone use while driving.     

Joint pricing and advertising strategy with reference price effect

Consumers are susceptible to reference price effects when they make purchase decisions for a certain product. Meanwhile, the sales price and advertisement are the determinable factors that have impact on consumers’ reference price which are also fundamental marketing strategies. Therefore, how to determine an appropriate sales price and advertising effort level to maximise firms’ profits is an essential task. A joint pricing and advertising problem for a monopolistic firm with consideration of reference price effect is investigated, where consumer demand rate is price-sensitivity and depends on the gap between the sales price and the reference price in consumers’ mind. An optimisation model is established to maximise the firm’s total profit by making a joint pricing and advertising strategy. The static and dynamic joint strategies are obtained by applying Pontryagin’s maximum principle. Results show that the dynamic strategies dominate the static ones. Furthermore, the dynamic pricing and dynamic advertising strategies are strategic complements. Additionally, the length of the sales period plays a key role in determining the superiority of the two dynamic strategies. Specifically, a relatively short sales period highlights the value of the dynamic advertising while a long sales period strengthens the function of the dynamic pricing.