Scarcity and Abundance: Urban Agriculture in Cuba and the US

In urban agriculture, there is a direct connection between scarcity and abundance: with the threat of food shortages so often acting as an effective trigger for food-growing enterprises. Produce can also be grown with few or limited resources. André Viljoen and Katrin Bohn of Bohn&Viljoen Architects juxtapose the experience of the organopónicos, or market gardens, in Cuba, which have proliferated since the US trade blockade of the 1990s and ensuing fuel shortages, and more recent experiments in food production in North American cities that are learning from their example.     

Cities,Natures and the Political Imaginary

Despite the seeming accumulation of natural and manmade disasters over the last decade, and increasing urban intensification across the world, there seems to be little or no actual progress in solving urban ecological problems. In exploring a way forward, Maria Kaika and Erik Swyngedouw highlight three potential approaches to urban socio-ecological research and how these might provide a conduit for re-politicising urban nature.     

World of Similitude: The Metamorphosis of Iranian Architecture

How can an ancient architectural heritage become a rich resource for inspiration rather than a burden or a limitation? Moving away from a conventional formal analysis of historic architecture, which identifies particular periods with specific styles or characteristics, Farshad Farahi suggests an approach that unites the contemporary philosophically and spiritually with its past - by seeking out an imaginary dimension or ‘World of Similitude’.     

The Global Architectural Influences on London

London today has become ‘a laboratory and testing ground’ for neoliberal capitalism, attracting investment from the Middle East, Russia, India, the Far East and Australasia as well as the US. Murray Fraser describes the urban impact of economic globalisation in the capital, while exploring ways that it might potentially be countered. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Practices @ Home: Assimilating the Past and the Present for a Visionary Architecture

Guest-Editor Mehran Gharleghi describes the work of four Iranian practices - Fluid Motion Architects (FMA), Pouya Khazaeli Parsa, Arsh Design Studio and Kourosh Rafiey/Asar Consultant Engineers' Co) - that are worthy of international attention. Over the last decade, all have distinguished themselves by developing a body of work ‘that is not only globally informed but also conscious and proud of its local, regional and national identity’.     

北京养老服务机构入住理由及位置选择的初探——关于合理布局建设养老服务机构

通过对北京市养老服务机构的入住老人进行问卷调研,解析老人的入住理由。老人在机构选择意向中重视"离子女居住地近"的要素,并在实际选择入住时,呈现选择离子女居住地较近机构的趋势。根据该倾向,研究通过整理各功能区特征,为解决北京市养老服务机构入住率分布不均衡的现状,提出各功能区养老机构的规划建设见解。     

酱香型白酒糟醅中耐高温酵母菌的特性研究

从酱香型白酒堆积发酵醅中筛选得到1株在45℃生长良好的耐高温酵母菌,对其耐乙醇、耐酸、耐糖能力及发酵力进行了研究。结果表明,该菌耐乙醇能力为6%vol,最适pH值为5.0,耐糖能力为25%,发酵力为6.628 g/50 mL,生长耐受最高温度为45℃。     

豆浆中脲酶活性测定方法的建立及酶学性质的研究

生豆浆中的胰蛋白酶抑制因子在实验室中较难检测,但其活性与脲酶活性呈正相关。对此建立了豆浆中脲酶的定量检测方法,并对其酶学性质进行研究。结果表明,采用纳氏试剂测定豆浆脲酶活性的最适条件为:波长415nm,显色剂用量1mL,尿素浓度3%,反应温度35℃,反应时间7min。豆浆中脲酶的最佳作用pH为7.0,最适反应温度为35℃,脲酶在25～40℃之间贮存3h有较好的热稳定性,酶活保留率在80%以上。利用Lineweaver-Burk双倒数作图法求得脲酶的Vmax为0.173mmol/min,Km为0.0172mol/L。     

超高浓酿造下抗葡萄糖阻遏啤酒酵母的筛选

根据高浓发酵下(16°P)发酵度的高低,挑选下面啤酒酵母C12作为出发菌株。经过2-去氧-D-葡萄糖的定向驯养、抗性平板分离初筛以及复筛验证等步骤,筛选出一株抗葡萄糖阻遏效应的菌株CM23。将该菌株在18°P麦汁15℃条件下进行3L的EBC小型啤酒发酵实验并测定发酵指标。结果表明:与出发菌株相比,CM23的降糖速度提高了37%,达到1.8°P/d,真正发酵度达到66%,且双乙酰还原能力以及啤酒中主要风味物质含量基本不变。CM23是一株具有工业应用前景的啤酒超高浓酿造酵母菌株。     

酒糟酶解糖化条件的研究

研究预处理条件对酒糟酶解效果的影响,采用不同的酶组合方式对酒糟进行酶解糖化,探索还原糖含量的变化规律。结果表明,蒸汽加热处理(121℃,15min)后酒糟的酶解效果优于超声波(400W,15min),酒糟酶解糖化的酶添加顺序为先加纤维素酶后加糖化酶,酶添加量分别为纤维素酶(2000U/g纤维素)和糖化酶(1000U/g淀粉),该条件下还原糖含量达到49.75mg/mL。