50年来辽宁省不同等级舒适日数演变及空间区划分析

根据1964—2015年辽宁省23个气象站点的逐日平均气温、相对湿度及平均风速资料,采用人体舒适度指数法计算人体舒适度指数,在季尺度上分析辽宁省不同等级舒适日数演变情况及典型旅游城市最佳旅游期;运用旋转经验正交函数分解法(REOF),分析人体舒适度指数季尺度空间变化特征,并应用ArcGIS软件进行舒适区域划分。结果表明:①辽宁省多年平均冷不舒适日数呈降低趋势,舒适日数呈增加趋势,热不舒适日数也呈微弱增加趋势;舒适程度夏季＞秋季＞春季＞冬季;②除冬季外5座典型旅游城市均适宜旅游,夏季为最佳旅游期;其中,沈阳、本溪更适宜春季旅游,大连更适宜秋季旅游。③辽宁省四季舒适度变化情况可大致划分为辽西、辽中、辽东三个区域,具体划分情况随季节有相应变化,总体舒适度由辽宁东部向西部逐渐递减。     

Modularized design for cooperative control and plug-and-play operation of networked heterogeneous systems

In this paper, a cooperative control analysis and design method is investigated for heterogeneous dynamical systems that may be of arbitrary relative degree or nonminimum-phase or both. To achieve consensus or cooperative stability, a negative value of input-feedforward passivity index is used to accommodate and analyze such systems, and the magnitude of the index value is also used as the impact coefficient to quantify the impacts of heterogeneous dynamics of these systems on their networked operations. Physical-system-level designs are explicitly carried out to make individual linear and nonlinear systems (which are either feedback linearizable or nonminimum phase of certain form) become passivity-short and to embed one pure integrator into their input–output dynamics. The network-level distributed control can simply be chosen without any knowledge of the heterogeneous dynamics but with only information of an upper bound on their impact coefficients. It is shown, using the impact equivalence principle, that these controls separately designed but implemented together always ensure either local or global consensus and that a global non-trivial consensus emerges if and only if the information network has at least one globally reachable node or is varying but cumulatively connected. The proposed methodology of fully modularized designs unravels complexity of analyzing and designing cyber–physical systems and enables their plug-and-play into networked operations.     

苯并呋喃酮在抑制聚丙烯降解过程中的作用

采用多次挤出的方法对三种不同结构苯并呋喃酮与受阻酚及亚磷酸酯的三元复配稳定体系在等规聚丙烯 (PP)中的稳定化作用进行了研究。结果表明:含5,7-二叔丁基-3-(3,4-二甲基苯基)-3氢-苯并呋喃-2-酮 (OXBF1)的复配体系3#配方5次挤出之后的熔体流动速率相对于其同分异构体5,7-二叔丁基-3-(2,5-二甲基苯基)-3氢-苯并呋喃-2-酮(PXBF1)、5,7-二叔丁基-3-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-3氢-苯并呋喃-2-酮 (MXBF1)复配体系的5#配方和6#配方分别下降了24．8％和26％;并且,其抑制所稳定PP加工发黄的作用优于其他两种结构,使得3#配方5次挤出之后的黄度指数(YI)相对于5#配方和6#配方分别下降了9．3％和11．9％;此外,亚磷酸酯对氢过氧化物的还原作用同样提高了苯并呋喃酮高温含氧条件下在PP中的热氧稳定化作用。     

Synthesis and characterization of new flame‐retardant poly(amide‐imide)s containing phosphine oxide and hydantoin moieties in the main chain

Six new flame‐retardant poly(amide‐imide)s (PAIs) 9a–f with high inherent viscosities containing phosphine oxide and hydantoin moieties in main chain were synthesized from the polycondensation reaction of N,N′‐(3,3′‐diphenylphenylphosphine oxide) bistrimellitimide diacid chloride 7 with six hydantoin derivatives 8a–f by two different methods such as solution and microwave assisted polycondensation. Results showed that the microwave assisted polycondensation, by using a domestic microwave oven, proceeded rapidly, compared with solution polycondensation, and was completed in about 7–9 min. All of the obtained polymers were fully characterized by means of elemental analysis, viscosity measurements, solubility test, and FTIR spectroscopy. Thermal properties and flame retardant behavior of the PAIs 9a–f were investigated using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA and DTG) and limited Oxygen index (LOI). Data obtained by thermal analysis (TGA and DTG) revealed that these polymers showed good thermal stability. Furthermore, high char yields in TGA and good LOI values indicated that these polymers are capable of exhibiting good flame retardant properties. These polymers can be potentially utilized in flame retardant thermoplastic materials. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 5062–5071, 2006     

Reliability-based robust design optimization: A general methodology using genetic algorithm

In this paper, we present an improved general methodology including four stages to design robust and reliable products under uncertainties. First, as the formulation stage, we consider reliability and robustness simultaneously to propose the new formulation of reliability-based robust design optimization (RBRDO) problems. In order to generate reliable and robust Pareto-optimal solutions, the combination of genetic algorithm with reliability assessment loop based on the performance measure approach is applied as the second stage. Next, we develop two criteria to select a solution from obtained Pareto-optimal set to achieve the best possible implementation. Finally, the result verification is performed with Monte Carlo Simulations and also the quality improvement during manufacturing process is considered by identifying and controlling the critical variables. The effectiveness and applicability of this new proposed methodology is demonstrated through a case study.     

炼石水泥厂2300t/d熟料生产线的达产达标

福建水泥股份有限公司炼石水泥厂2300t／d生产线(即#4窑)由南京水泥工业设计研究院开发设计，2000年11月动工，建设周期为10个月，2001年9月即实现3d达标考核该线大量采用国产化设备，烧成系统、窑头喷煤管、煤磨系统等应用南京院专有专利技术2002年共生产熟料71．54万t，28d强度平均达57.3MPa，全年运转率达83．6％，全面实现了达产达标。     

基于非负矩阵分解的水量分配方案后评价

提出了水量分配方案后评价指标体系,建立了基于非负矩阵分解的水量分配方案后评价模型,并以1983年国务院批复的引滦水量分配方案为研究对象进行了水量分配方案诊断式后评价。该方法利用非负矩阵分解算法将指标矩阵最大程度分解为基向量和权向量,根据权向量元素的数值对水量分配方案进行评级,根据基向量元素的数值判断评价指标的实施状况。通过对引滦水量分配方案质量、实施过程、实施效果和可持续性的调查分析,得出方案综合后评价结果为优,但在来用水可持续性、对水环境影响及水质目标保证率等方面需加以改进。评价结果表明,基于非负矩阵分解原理的后评价方法评价效果较好,可为水量分配方案等项目的后评价提供科学依据。     

流化床二组分混合物的适宜分离气速

在等密度与非等密度二组分混合物分离体系中，考察操作气速对分离度的影响，提出物料的静床高对高效分离气速没有影响，而操作气速取其混合物最小流化速度的１．２倍左右时，二组分混合物产生高效分离，并且此操作气速随着二组分混合物分离状态的判定值（等密度混合物指Ｒｍｆ值，非等密度混合物主要指Ｒｐ值）的增加而拓宽。     

东莞市望牛墩镇河涌底泥重金属污染潜在生态风险评价

采用潜在生态危害指数法对东莞市望牛墩镇望溪河和聚龙江底泥中重金属含量进行评价,并结合二者的污染特征,为减少河道清淤对周边环境造成二次污染,提出了淤泥处理技术及资源化综合利用的相关建议。     

Zn-Ni合金共沉积影响机理的拉曼光谱研究

首次利用现场表面增强拉曼光谱研究了Zn-Ni合金共沉积的机理。通过研究Ni电极在NiCl2溶液与纯水中的拉曼光谱、Ni电极与Au电极在KCl溶液中的拉曼光谱以及这2种电极在NiCl2溶液中现场电沉积的拉曼光谱,并根据前人提出的理论,得出如下结论:Zn-Ni合金共沉积中存在着较易在电极表面放电的NiClad,使Ni沉积的过电位降低,促进了Ni的沉积,导致Zn的异常共沉积。