Al2O3—TiB2陶瓷刀具材料的高温氧化及其对刀具耐磨性能的影响

研究了Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＢ２陶瓷刀具材料在１０００℃下的氧化行为，用ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ分析了氧化后的相组成及显微结构。结果表明：Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＢ２陶瓷材料在１０００℃空气中氧化增重符合抛物线规律；随ＴｉＢ２含量的增加，该材料的抗氧化能力下降。     

Oxidation of methane to formaldehyde over Fe/SiO2 and Sn---W mixed oxides

In an attempt to develop new catalysts for the formation of formaldehyde from methane, the promotion effect of Fe on SiO₂ and that of Sn on WO₃ have been studied. The formation of formaldehyde on silica can be appreciably enhanced by the impregnation of Fe, as far as iron loadings are kept below 0.1 atom.% (Fe/Si × 100). In the case of Sn---W---Ox catalysts, both the addition of Sn to WO₃, and that of W on SnO₂ were effective to the selective formaldehyde formation. Absorption spectra (UV-Vis) and ESR measurements revealed that tetrahedrally coordinated Fe³⁺ in the silica network plays an important role in the formation of formaldehyde. A thin surface layer consisting of W and Sn oxides can account for the selective formaldehyde formation on the Sn---W---Ox catalysts.     

提高润滑油基础油氧化安定性的组合工艺

以生产润滑油基础油的老三套工艺为基础，开发了改善油品氧化安定性的组合工艺。该工艺的主要特点是包括一步络合脱氮过程。实验证明，该组合工艺既可以有效地提高基础油的氧化安定性，又能降低溶剂精制深度，提高基础油收率。     

Pyrene oxidation as a model reaction for characterizing the mechanism of coke oxidation on Y zeolites

The same effect of temperature on the production of CO, CO₂ and H₂O was found during oxidative treatment of HY zeolites either impregnated with pyrene or coked. Therefore, pyrene oxidation can be used to specify the mechanism of coke oxidation. Three types of reactions can be distinguished: (a) condensation of polyaromatic molecules, (b) oxidation of polyaromatics into aldehydes, ketones, acids and anhydrides and (c) decarbonylation or decarboxylation of oxygenated compounds, all these reactions involving protonic sites.     

Oxidation of methane over platinum in a solid proton-conducting electrolyte cell

Studies of the complete oxidation of methane on a Pt electrode-catalyst in the cell with a solid proton-conducting electrolyte (CH₄ + O₂, Pt ¦ SrCe_0.92Dy_0.08O₃ ¦ Pt, H₂O + N₂) were carried out. The non-Faradaic effect of electrochemical hydrogen pumping on the rate of methane oxidation has been demonstrated. The induced change in the reaction rate at anodic polarization of a Pt electrode-catalyst was over two orders of magnitude higher than the rate of hydrogen pumping from the reaction zone through the electrolyte.     

碳钢与不锈钢表面高浓度渗铬法

在氩气气氛下，应用固体渗铬填料法对碳钢、不锈钢作了表面高铬浓度的渗铬处理，探讨了渗铬温度、时间和渗铬组分对渗层表面铬含量、厚度，试样增重和物相组分影响，碳钢、不锈钢的表面渗铬浓度分别达８０－９４ｗｔ％和７０－８２ｗｔ％。     

A new environmental friendly method for the preparation of sugar acids via catalytic oxidation on gold catalysts

A novel and efficient way of producing of aldonic acids is reported. The selective catalytic oxidation of monosaccharides (arabinose, ribose, xylose, lyxose, mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose, N-acetyl-glucosamine) and disaccharides (lactose, maltose, cellobiose, melibiose) on Au, Pd and Pt catalysts was investigated. By using the gold catalyst, a total selectivity with respect to aldonic acids and a high catalytic activity for all investigated sugars was found. The reaction conditions for the production of maltobionic and lactobionic acids via oxidation on gold catalysts were optimised. A high long-term stability of two different gold catalysts for the oxidation of maltose and lactose, respectively, was found.     

Kinetics of phenol oxidation in a trickle bed reactor over active carbon catalyst

The wet air oxidation of phenol over a commercial active carbon catalyst was studied in a trickle bed reactor (TBR) in the temperature and oxygen partial pressure ranges of 120–160 °C and 0.1–0.2 MPa, respectively. The performance of the active carbon was compared in terms of phenol and COD destruction. The weight change of active carbon due to reaction was also measured. Finally, oxic phenol adsorption isotherms were assessed in batch conditions at 25, 125 and 160 °C. In order to use the conversion data obtained from the TBR for a kinetic study, special care was taken to check the kinetic control in the TBR experiments. Several kinetic models including power law or Langmuir–Hinshelwood expressions were considered to describe the catalytic oxidation of phenol over active carbon. The simple power law model with first order dependence on both phenol and oxygen concentration predicted satisfactorily the experimental data not only over the entire range of operating conditions studied, but also outside its validity range. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of Microstructure on the Accelerated Creep of 20CrMoV12‐1 and P 91 Steels

In the initial part the change of microstructure for steel X20 CrMoV 121 is discussed in terms of the distribution of carbide precipitates and its effects on accelerated creep resistance and hardness are presented. In the following, experimental results of microstructure and accelerated creep resistance are presented for the steels X20CrMoV 121 and P91 annealed for up to 8760 hours at 650°C and 750°C before the testing. A similar evolution of the distribution of carbide particles of a size above 102 nm is found for both steels, while the accelerated creep resistance is diminished much stronger for the steel X20CrMoV 121. This difference is due to a greater stability of NbC than that of VC precipitates, both related to the evolution of the chemical composition of complex chromium, molybdenum and iron carbide particles.     

95W-Ni-Fe 合金工艺缺陷的 SAM 和 XPS 分析

藉助扫描俄歇探针、Ｘ射线光电子谱等分析了９５Ｗ－Ｎｉ－Ｆｅ合金碳污染和氧化的本质。发现，碳污染试样中碳的化学状态主要为石墨，少量为铁或镍的有机化合物，这些物质的界面富集使材料脆化。钨合金氧化后，氧大量富集于钨／粘结相界面，使沿着该界面的断裂更容易发生。