Performance improvement of pasted nickel electrodes with multi-wall carbon nanotubes for rechargeable nickel batteries

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were employed as a functional additive to improve the electrochemical performance of pasted nickel-foam electrodes for rechargeable nickel-based batteries. The nickel electrodes were prepared with spherical β-Ni(OH)₂ powder as the active material and various amounts of CNTs as additives. Galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling tests showed that in comparison with the electrode without CNTs, the pasted nickel electrode with added CNTs exhibited better electrochemical properties in the chargeability, specific discharge capacity, active material utilization, discharge voltage, high-rate capability and cycling stability. Meanwhile, the CNT addition also lowered the packing density of Ni(OH)₂ particles in the three-dimensional porous nickel-foam substrate, which could lead to the decrease in the active material loading and discharge capacity of the electrode. Hence, the amount of CNTs added to Ni(OH)₂ should be optimized to obtain a high-performance nickel electrode, and an optimum amount of CNT addition was found to be 3 wt.%. The superior electrochemical performance of the nickel electrode with CNTs could be attributed to lower electrochemical impedance and less γ-NiOOH formed during charge/discharge cycling, as indicated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses. Thus, it was an effective method to improve the electrochemical properties of pasted nickel electrodes by adding an appropriate amount of CNTs to spherical Ni(OH)₂ as the active material.     

微波辅助法制备α-Fe2O3纳米粒子及其表征

采用微波辅助法由FeCl3溶液在晶体助长剂NaH2PO4的存在下制备出了针状和球状的α-Fe2O3纳米粒子。实验结果显示：微波辐射能大大缩短反应时间；并且，当nFecl3：nNaH2PO4=200时，所得产物为均一的球状α-Fe2O3；当nFe2Cl3：nNaH2PO4=250时，所得产物为均一的针状α-Fe2O3，两者平均粒径都为20nm。用TEM，IR，XRD等测试手段，研究了晶体结构及相转化过程，并对FeCl3溶液在微波辐射下的水解过程进行了初步探讨。     

安钢针状铁素体管线钢X70的研制与开发

针对安钢150t转炉—3500mm炉卷机组设备状况,提出管线钢开发的关键控制技术,成功开发出安钢X70针状铁素体管线钢。     

Measurement of the 77Se(γ, n) cross section and uncertainty evaluation of the 79Se(n, γ) cross section

The ⁷⁷Se (γ, n) cross section was measured for the energy range from 7.6 to 13.8 MeV by using quasi-monochromatic laser-Compton scattering γ-rays. The advanced method to deduce γ-ray strength functions from (γ, n) cross section was developed. By utilizing the method, the γ-ray strength functions of ^{77, 78, 80}Se were deduced so as to reproduce the ^{77, 78, 80}Se (γ, n) cross sections measured in this work and previous systematic measurements. The inverse (n, γ) cross sections for ^{76, 77, 79}Se isotopes were calculated using the statistical model calculation code CCONE with the deduced γ-ray strength functions. The uncertainty of the calculated ⁷⁹Se(n, γ)⁸⁰Se cross section was evaluated by comparing the calculations and the experimental data on ^{76, 77}Se (n, γ) cross sections.     

低合金高强钢针状铁素体组织特征和形成机理

针状铁素体是一种具有大角度晶界、高位错密度的板条状中温转变组织,该组织能有效细化晶粒并具有良好的强韧性匹配.因此,通常在低合金高强度钢焊缝和粗晶区中,利用细小的夹杂物来诱导针状铁素体形成,形成有效晶粒尺寸细小的针状铁素体联锁组织或者针状铁素体和贝氏体的复合组织,使其具有良好的韧性.然而,相关研究对针状铁素体组织的形成机理和控制原理的解释并不十分清楚,对于针状铁素体的定义和理解也存在差异.总结了针状铁素体的本质、相变、形核、形态、晶体学取向关系、长大行为、细化机理和力学性能等方面的特征,归纳了奥氏体晶粒尺寸、转变温度、冷却速度、夹杂物类型和尺寸等对针状铁素体形成的影响,提出了针状铁素体组织形态和转变机理方面几个仍需深入研究的问题和方向.     

5CrMnMo钢淬火加热保温时间的研究

研究了５ＣｒＭｎＭｏ钢在９００℃下的加热淬火保温时间对组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随保温时间的延长,淬火组织中针状马氏体减少,板条马氏体和残留奥氏体地加,当保温时间超过３５ｍｉｎ后,淬火组织中单一板条马氏体和包围在板条马氏体周围的残留奥氏体薄膜组成。保温时间不超过９０ｍｉｎ,σｂ值下降。经５２０℃和５４０℃回火,αＫ值与ＫＩＣ值在５０ｍｉｎ保温时出现明显峰值,适当的淬火保温时间是提高５ＣｒＭｎ     

冷却时间对Ti微合金钢焊接粗晶区组织及韧性的影响

利用光镜、金属薄膜电子显微分析技术、碳萃取复型电子显微分析技术、系列Ｃｈａｒｐｙ冲击试验等对Ｔｉ微合金钢模拟粗晶区的组织及韧性进行了研究。结果表明,随着８００－５００℃冷却时间的增加,该区域原始奥体（γ）晶粒长大并不严重;二次组织由上贝氏体为主逐渐转变为针状铁素体为主;珠光体的形态由非层片相间变为层片相间;Ｍ－Ａ组元由条状变为块状,且数量减少,因此韧性得以提高,电子衍射及ＥＤＸ分析还表明,该区域中     

羟丁酸钠和氯胺酮对心肌细胞毒性作用的对比研究

目的 对比研究羟丁酸钠和氯胺酮对原代培养大鼠心肌细胞的毒性作用。方法 将经原代培养成活4d 后的大鼠心肌细胞分为5 组, 每组6 孔。包括对照组, 小剂量(HL, 3×10^-3mol·L^-1)与大剂量(HH, 3×10^-2 mol·L^-1)羟丁酸钠组和小剂量(KL, 1×10^-5 mol·L^-1)与大剂量(KH, 1×10^-4 mo l·L^-1)氯胺酮组。各组均于实验开始后8 h 终止反应, 评定心肌细胞搏动功能、观察细胞形态学改变、测定心肌细胞酶及电解质变化。结果 与对照组相比, KL 组心肌细胞搏动频率明显加快(P<0.05), 而KH 组减慢(P<0.05)。细胞形态学亦有相应变化。KH 组LDH 和AST 释放量增加(P<0.05), ALP 活性下降(P<0.05)。而HL、HH 组的上述指标均无明显变化。各组间电解质变化未见显著差异。结论 高浓度的氯胺酮具有直接的心肌抑制作用, 而低浓度的氯胺酮却有正性变时性和变力性作用。无论低浓度或高浓度的羟丁酸钠, 均未见心肌细胞毒性作用。     

Element Segregation and Solidification Behavior of a Nb,Ti, Al Co-Strengthened Superalloy ЭК151

The as-cast microstructure, element segregation and solidification behavior of a multi-alloyed superalloy ЭК151 have been investigated. The results show that the severe element segregation leads to the complicated precipitations at the inter-dendritic region, including η-Ni_3(Ti, Nb), eutectic(γ + γ') and Laves, which shows the characteristics of both Ti, Al-strengthened and Nb-strengthened alloys. Differential thermal analysis, heating and quenching tests reveal the solidification sequence as follows: Liquids →γ matrix →(Nb, Ti)C →η-Ni 3(Ti, Nb) →eutectic( γ+γ') → Laves. The melting points are between 1250 and 1260 °C for(Nb, Ti)C, between 1200 and 1210 °C for η phase, between 1180 and 1190 °C for eutectic(γ+γ') and Laves. γ' initially precipitates from matrix at 1150 °C and achieves the maximum precipitation at 1130 °C. According to the microstructure evolution captured during solidification and composition analysis by an energy dispersive spectrometer and electron probe microanalyzer,(Nb, Ti)/Al ratio is put forward to explain the formation of η-Ni_3(Ti, Nb) and eutectic( γ+γ'). The solidification of γ matrix increased the Nb, Ti concentration in the residual liquids, so the high(Nb, Ti)/Al ratio would result in the formation of η-Ni_3(Ti, Nb); the precipitation of the phase consumed Nb and Ti and decreased the(Nb, Ti)/Al ratio in the liquid, which led to the precipitation of eutectic(γ + γ'). Laves formed by the sides of η-Ni_3(Ti, Nb) and in front of the eutectic( γ + γ') after Al, Ti were further depleted by the two phases and Cr, Co, Mo were rejected to liquids.