Failure of structural (RC,masonry, bridge) to Van earthquake

An earthquake occurred on 23 October 2011, at approximately 20 km north of city of Van downtown, west of Ercek Lake, in the vicinity of Kasimoglu Village with a moment magnitude of M_w = 7.2. While aftershock activities of this earthquake continues intensively, another earthquake with local magnitude M_w = 5.6 occurred, on 9 November 2011, at approximately 10 km south of Van downtown, in county of Edremit region. By this second earthquake, property damage and life loss count significantly increased. In this paper, failures of damaged structures at Van earthquake are examined. Also negative effects of structural irregularities (short column, soft story, torsion), structural material (concrete, steel), soil properties (liquefaction, sliding), structural systems (reinforced concrete, prefabricated, masonry and adobe) and structure type (bridge, culvert, minaret) are studied.     

Seismic damage and performance of Palazzo Centi after L’Aquila earthquake: A paradigmatic case study of effectiveness of mechanical steel ties

This paper concerns the seismic response of Palazzo Centi after the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake. Built in the second half of XVIII century, Palazzo Centi is a three-storied building characterized by a rectangular plan with a central court. The vertical structural system is made of masonry walls arranged in plan to form a regular mesh.After the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake the building showed a widespread damage occurred in the vertical masonry structures with more intensity at upper storeys; there were also damages to non-structural parts: light masonry and fake vaults. The building case study is a paradigmatic example because during the 2009 earthquake, differently from other historical masonry buildings, it responded “reasonably” well in the main structural parts. The seismic behaviour was analyzed thoroughly in order to investigate the effectiveness of the, initially unknown, recent retrofit interventions carried out in 2003. These mechanical interventions proved to be the reason of the good seismic behaviour of the building and that “saved” it from more serious damages.On the basis of the data acquired by the authors during the post-earthquake reconnaissance activities and from the structural analyzes results, in conclusion, the case study of Palazzo Centi demonstrated to represent a clear example of the effectiveness of the traditional techniques in designing and retrofitting of masonry buildings.     

Policy options towards an energy efficient residential building stock in the EU-27

The EU-27 residential building stock offers high potential for energy efficiency gains. The policies already in place or proposed to improve the energy efficiency and thus the environmental performance focus on new buildings and major renovations of existing buildings. However, there might be additional measures that could lead to further energy efficiency improvements. In particular, the installation of roofs or windows that show a high thermal efficiency outside major renovations offer a large improvement potential. In this study, the potential environmental and economic impacts of two types of such policy options were analysed: first, measures that require high energy efficiency standards when roofs or windows have to be replaced; and, second, measures that accelerate the replacement of building elements. The results suggest that the two policies offer the potential for substantial additional energy savings. In addition, the installation of energy efficient building elements comes at negative net cost. When the replacement of building elements is accelerated, however, the additional costs do not outweigh the energy cost savings.     

Energy performance of traditional bath buildings

This paper presents the results of a recent research effort to collect and analyze data pertaining to traditional bath buildings (“hammams”) in Egypt, Turkey, Morocco, Syria, and Algeria. Thereby, the energy performance of and the thermal comfort conditions in five such buildings were studied. Moreover, empirically calibrated building performance simulation models of a number of objects were generated in order to predict the consequences of alternative thermal retrofit measures. The results provide the opportunity for an objective assessment of the actual energy and indoor environmental performance of these buildings.     

浅析海南滨海度假型酒店设计

滨海度假型酒店是海南酒店建筑的典型代表,是发展海南旅游业的重要组成部分。本文试从建筑、景观、技术等专业角度剖析海南度假型酒店的设计方法。在此基础上进行经验总结,以期为同类型的观光度假酒店设计提供一定的参考。     

高层建筑给排水设计的要点分析

由于高层建筑因楼层高、结构复杂、排水量和用水量较大，因此对给排水的设计提出了更高的要求。本文主要是结合工程实例，对高层建筑给水和排水系统的设计要点进行了分析，以供同仁参考。     

论述高层建筑玻璃幕墙设计方法

幕墙技术以其实用性和美观性在建筑工程中得到广泛的使用，本文首先分析了高层建筑玻璃幕墙设计时应该考虑的问题，接着重点分析了高层建筑玻璃幕墙设计，最后总结了保证建筑玻璃幕墙设计质量的措施，希望能够为高层建筑幕墙设计提供的借鉴。     

Measuring overall thermal comfort to balance energy use in sports facilities

A study for the development of a monitoring methodology that includes thermal comfort in a smart metering system for sports facilities is presented. The scope of this system is to obtain meaningful information on how energy is used in relation to the level of comfort perceived, so as to allow fully informed management operations. The main problem to be addressed is the accurate quantitative measurement of the thermal comfort inside indoor sports areas (e.g. swimming pools, fitness rooms, etc.), which in this work is estimated through the PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) index. The paper describes what needs to be dynamically measured, which parameters are required, which critical uncertainty factors may arise and how to estimate the indicators. A sensitivity and uncertainty analysis for the PMV measurement in this specific application is performed to develop a simplified approach. The results obtained from the measurement campaigns made in two different sports areas are presented to validate the approach. Finally, a simulation of swimming pool data is used to preliminarily demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the global monitoring system proposed.     

Methods to reduce the CO2 concentration of educational buildings utilizing internal ventilation by transferred air

The aim of this study is to develop internal ventilation by transferred air to achieve a good indoor climate with low energy consumption in educational buildings with constant air volume (CAV) ventilation. Both measurements of CO₂ concentration and a multi‐room calculation model are presented. The study analyzes how to use more efficiently the available spaces and the capacity of CAV ventilation systems in existing buildings and the impact this has on the indoor air quality and the energy consumption of the ventilation. The temperature differences can be used to create natural ventilation airflows between neighboring spaces. The behavior of temperature‐driven airflows between rooms was studied and included in the calculation model. The effect of openings between neighboring spaces, such as doors or large apertures in the walls, on the CO₂ concentration was studied in different classrooms. The air temperatures and CO₂ concentrations were measured using a wireless, internet‐based measurement system. The multi‐room calculation model predicted the CO₂ concentration in the rooms, which was then compared with the measured ones. Using transferred air between occupied and unoccupied spaces can noticeably reduce the total mechanical ventilation rates needed to keep a low CO₂ concentration.     

建筑外窗三性检测过程中的影响因素与控制措施

结合工作实践,分析了建筑外窗气密性、水密性与抗风压性检测过程中的影响因素,并针对每项检测提出了相应的控制措施,以确保建筑外窗达到设计要求,进而实现节约能源的目标.