Adjacent channel interference in a macrocell/microcell WCDMA system

This paper studies the impacts of adjacent channel interference (ACI) on uplink capacity in a multi‐macrocell/multi‐microcell wideband code‐division multiple access (WCDMA) system. A method is presented for computing ACI and deriving capacity limitation. This method is based on an interference analysis that accounts for shadow fading, and random distribution of mobile users. The results indicate that both the base station (BS) separation and adjacent channel interference power ratio (ACIR) strongly affect system capacity reduction. The proposed method in this paper is useful for measuring the impacts of ACI on uplink capacity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Contingent Behaviours

Michelle Addington questions the accepted Modernist conception of the interior as a hermetically sealed envelope. She highlights the vicissitudes in attitudes that have existed over time to interior and exterior conditions by flagging up the 19th-century pursuit of ventilation and the permeable outside wall, which was pursued in the quest for public sanitation and a misguided belief in the ‘toxic’ interior. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An Enthusiastic Sceptic

Nat Oppenheimer , principal of structural engineers Robert Silman Associates, is a dissenting voice among the advocates of building information modelling (BIM) - an enthusiastic sceptic. Could the quest for integration be leading towards oversimplification rather than customisation and differentiation? Even towards the sort of standardisation adopted with LEED ratings in the quest for sustainability? Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

沿空跟掘回采巷道合理煤柱留设及围岩稳定性控制

沿空跟掘回采巷道掘、采全服务周期经受相邻工作面采空区未稳定压力、相邻工作面回采侧向支承压力及本工作面回采超前支承压力多重动压影响,煤柱稳定性差、围岩支护困难、异常矿压显现。以潞宁孟家窑煤业有限公司22115回风巷为工程背景,综合运用理论分析、数值试验研究并参照已有工程实践经验确定最佳护巷煤柱宽度,提出合理可行的围岩稳定性控制技术。研究结果表明:22115回风巷净煤柱宽度应不低于15 m。提出的分阶段、重点部位针对性加强高预应力强力支护方案井下工业性应用效果良好,掘、采全服务周期锚杆（索）受力稳定,强度利用率高;顶板离层量小且在较短时间内趋于稳定;围岩整体未出现大变形,完全满足安全生产需求。     

复合顶板动压巷道围岩应力演化和支护技术研究

三交河矿10_^#下煤层顶板为典型复合岩层,从已掘巷道来看,10_^#下煤层巷道顶板成型不佳,容易风化破碎,受采动影响下易出现顶板离层破碎下沉等破坏现象。10-2032巷为复合顶板条件采掘对穿巷道,支护难度较大,在分析地质条件的基础上,通过数值模拟,对10-2032巷与10-201回采面对穿前后的应力状态进行了分析。结合应力演化情况和锚杆支护原理,根据工程类比和数值模拟结果,提出10-2032巷锚杆锚索支护设计。顶板采用长短锚索组合支护,两帮采用单体锚杆搭配W钢护板支护,井下实践证明,与相邻回采面对穿后,2032巷仍能保持较好的支护效果。     

Study of “3-Step Mining” Subsidence Control in Coal Mining Under Buildings

Mining subsidence damage is the main factor of restricting coal mining under buildings. To control or ease effectively the degree of mining subsidence and deformation is essential to resolve this problem. Through analyzing both advantages and disadvantages of some technologies such as mining with stowing, partial extraction and grouting in separated beds of overburden, we used the principle of load replacement and propose a “3-step mining” method, a new pattern of controlling mining subsidence, which consists of： strip mining, i.e. grouting to fill and consolidate the caving zone and retained strip pillar mining. The mechanism of controlling mining subsidence by using the “3-step mining” pattern is analyzed. The effect of the control is numerically simulated. The preliminary analysis shows that the “3-step mining” can effectively control ground subsidence and deformation. By using this method, the ground subsidence factor can be controlled to a value of about 0.25. Coal recovery can reach 80%-90%. Coal mining without removing surface buildins can be realized and the economic loss resultin from round subsidence can be greatly reduced.     

Raumakustische Zielgrößen und Maßnahmen zur Optimierung der kognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit sowie des akustischen Komforts in Mehrpersonenbüros

Lärm zählt zu den häufigsten Quellen von Beschwerden an Büroarbeitsplätzen. Insbesondere Gespräche von Mitarbeitern werden als störend erlebt. Darüber hinaus beeinträchtigt Bürolärm die Leistungsfähigkeit und das Befinden der Angestellten. Richtlinien und Normen berücksichtigen kaum die besondere Bedeutung sprachlicher Hintergrundgeräusche. Der Speech Transmission Index (STI), ein Maß für die Verständlichkeit von Sprache, wird aktuell als geeignete physikalische Führungsgröße zur Gestaltung offener Büroumgebungen diskutiert. Im Rahmen einer laborexperimentellen Untersuchung wird der Zusammenhang zwischen der Darbietung von Hintergrundschallen mit unterschied licher Sprachverständlichkeit (STI) und der kognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit sowie dem empfundenen akustischen Komfort von Probanden untersucht. Dabei zeigt sich ein starker Zusammenhang zwischen der Sprachverständlichkeit und Maßen kognitiver Leistungsfähigkeit sowie akustischem Komfort. Der STI kann daher als eine geeignete physikalische Führungsgröße zur Gestaltung offener Büroumgebungen betrachtet werden. Room acoustical set values and measures for optimization of cognitive performance and acoustic comfort in open‐plan offices. Noise is among the most frequently mentioned sources of complaint in open‐plan offices. Particularly conversations of colleagues are perceived as being annoying. In addition office noise is known to impair employees’ cognitive performance and wellbeing. Standards and norms hardly account for the special role of background speech. The Speech Transmission Index (STI), a measure of speech intelligibility, is assumed to be a suitable physical set value for the acoustical design of open‐plan offices. The results of a laboratory experiment are presented investigating the relationship between presentation of background speech varying in STI and cognitive performance as well as perceived acoustic comfort. A strong relationship between speech intelligibility and cognitive performance as well as acoustic comfort is found. Therefore the STI can be assumed to be a suitable physical set value for the acoustic design of open‐plan office.     

爆破地震效应对临近建筑物的影响

爆破地震效应对临近建筑物的影响非常复杂。本文结合工程实践对主要影响因素进行了深入细致地分析。     

Feedback Architecture

The specialist research and design unit in Aedas' London office focuses on three principal areas of research: computational design, advanced modelling and sustainable design. Christian Derix, Judit Kimpian, Abdulmajid Karanouh and Josh Mason of Aedas R&D explain how this cross-pollination of interests has led the practice to develop innovative approaches, exemplified by the design for Al Bahr Towers, the Abu Dhabi Investment Council Headquarters and the Digital Masterplanning (Digma) tool. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.