Budaiwi模型的修正及实验验证

在Fourier定律和Fick定律的基础上,考虑墙体内部相变及太阳辐射的影响,以墙体中的空气含湿率和温度为驱动势对Budaiwi模型进行了修正,弥补了质传递方程中的遗漏之处。为了验证模型的正确性,建立了一个实验装置测试实际气候条件下墙体内的温度和相对湿度,并将实验结果跟模型预测结果进行了对比,模型预测结果跟试验测试结果吻合良好。室外侧分界面处的空气相对湿度平均误差为4.44%,平均温度偏差为1.31 K,室内侧分界面处的空气相对湿度平均偏差为6.3%,平均温度偏差为1.26 K。该改进模型能较精确的预测墙体内的热湿耦合迁移情况。     

大型炼油办公楼群暖通空调与防排烟设计

介绍杨庄河炼油厂办公楼群的空调、采暖、通风、防排烟系统的设计思路,本设计方案以运行可靠为前提,节能环保为目标,消防安全为原则。系统实际运行基本达到了预期效果。     

Assessment of climate change impact on building energy use and mitigation measures in subtropical climates

Likely increase in energy use in air-conditioned office buildings due to climate change in subtropical Hong Kong was estimated for two emissions scenarios. Towards the end of the 21st century (i.e. 2091-2100), the average annual building energy use would be 6.6% and 8.1% more than that in 1979-2008 for low and medium forcing, respectively. Potential mitigation measures concerning the building envelope, internal condition, lighting load density (LLD) and chiller plant were considered. Thermal insulation to the external wall would not be effective to mitigate the expected increase in building energy use due to climate change. Controlling the amount of solar heat gain through the window would be a better option. Lowering the current LLD of 15 W/m² to about 13 W/m² would result in substantial energy savings because of the reduction in electricity consumption for both electric lighting and air-conditioning. As for the chiller plant, the coefficient of performance (COP) should be improved from the current minimum requirement of 4.7 to at least 5.5 to alleviate the impact of climate change. Raising the summer set point temperature (SST) to 25.5 °C or higher would have high energy saving and hence mitigation potential, which could be readily applied to both new and existing buildings.     

A life cycle approach to Green Public Procurement of building materials and elements: A case study on windows

Green Public Procurement (GPP) is a significant policy tool for reducing the environmental impacts of services and products throughout their whole life cycle. Scientific and easily verifiable environmental criteria, based on a life cycle approach, should be developed and used within procurement procedures. In this paper, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is applied to wood windows showing how it can support the criteria definition. After a foreword on GPP development in Italy, the evaluation features of the environmental performances of building materials and components are outlined. The LCA case study is then presented, describing the use of the analysis results to define the environmental criteria. LCA allowed to identify the main impacts and the critical processes of the window life cycle, giving a scientific framework to discuss GPP criteria with manufacturers associations and stakeholders. Nevertheless, it couldn’t help neither in identifying detailed criteria for GPP nor to define numerical thresholds to be used as reference in procurement procedures. The appropriate strategies should be selected taking into account the technical status of the market, the standard development and the voluntary industry commitments, involving manufacturers associations. Finally, some elements to develop a structured approach for GPP of construction materials are presented.     

钢结构住宅建筑的开发设计

钢结构住宅已有几千年历史,今年发展尤其迅速。在我国住宅快速发展的背景下,对钢结构住宅技术进行了研究,并探讨其可持续发展的方向。明确了钢结构住宅的基本概念,通过结合我国实际情况,得出了推广钢结构住宅具有深刻广泛的意义。就钢结构住宅发展的可能性而言,主要对钢结构住宅体系、钢结构住宅造型等方面进行了研究,以进一步达到发展钢结构住宅的目的。     

浅谈几种特殊条件下煤炭开采技术与绿色开采的结合

随着煤炭开采的日益加剧,各地的矿井开采条件也越来越复杂。为了充分开采煤炭资源,必须认真研究各种条件下煤炭的绿色开采技术。在已有的研究成果基础上,简单总结了深部矿井、瓦斯灾害严重矿井开采的技术与绿色开采理念的融合,包括深部矿井的地热利用、瓦斯预抽采、煤与瓦斯共采、矸石填充等内容。     

“建下”采煤新思路在九龙矿的实践

"三下"采煤技术在矿井压占煤炭资源的开采中发挥着重要的作用。针对九龙矿"建下"采煤的实际条件,提出了先条带跳采后全采、先外围后正下协调全采和先边角后矸石充填等新的开采方案和采后处理思路,并在实际应用中取得了良好的效果。对类似条件下的"建下"开采,具有较高的参考价值。     

密集建筑群下大断面隧道施工反馈分析及安全性控制研究

 厦门梧村隧道施工影响区域内建筑物密集,具有超浅埋、大跨度、工艺复杂、工序繁多、地面建筑物保护要求高等高风险特征,在隧道施工过程中研究并实施复杂地质情况和周边环境条件下隧道的动态反馈分析方法。现场监测内容有建筑物及地表沉降、建筑物裂缝、建筑物倾斜、隧道拱顶沉降、隧道围岩收敛、土体深部位移、土体分层沉降、爆破震动、地下水位等,对重要建筑物还采用静力水准仪进行自动化监测。在对梧村隧道进行施工反馈分析过程中,按照ISO9001质量认证体系要求建立一个完善、高效的运作体系,根据城市隧道工程修建经验以及梧村隧道前期研究成果,对隧道施工对周边环境以及隧道自身结构的影响进行监测,除采取常规监测手段外,以建筑物不均匀沉降自动化监测、监测信息管理和预测预报系统、局域网和广域网进行监测信息反馈、桌面报警系统和电子显示板等预警设施等先进技术来开展施工反馈分析工作,使梧村隧道施工反馈分析工作具有鲜明的信息化特色。     

太阳能空气集热建筑模块冬季热性能优化实验研究

以建筑集成的太阳能空气集热建筑模块为研究对象,利用与实际住宅等大的实验平台,针对不同的集热板形式和空气流动方式对集热建筑模块热性能的影响进行了实验研究。重点讨论了开孔平板型、开孔孔径大小以及设置空气间层分隔板等对改善集热建筑模块热性能的影响。实验结果表明,开孔平板型较实心平板型的热性能得到明显的改善,孔径优化后(孔径为5mm、孔间距为15mm)的热效率可提高30%以上;另外,设置空气间层分隔板相对于小孔径(d=5mm)而言,采用大孔径(d=10mm)时出风口升温效果更明显。     

On the optimal selection of wall cladding system to reduce direct and indirect CO2 emissions

Buildings have direct and indirect impacts on the CO₂ emissions. This paper presents a study on the impact of wall systems and cladding materials on the CO₂ emissions and aims to analyse the performance of those systems in order to provide designers with reliable technical data. The studied systems include stucco, masonry veneer, aluminium siding, vinyl siding and the exterior insulation and finish systems (EIFS). To evaluate the economic performance, environmental performance and embodied energy, green building modelling system was used, while to estimate the impact of operational energy, a simulation model was first used and then simple bottom-up model constructed. A sensitivity analysis was conducted in order to determine the relative influence of each system on a representative educational building. It was found that some cladding materials reduce the direct CO₂ emissions, but provide a moderate reduction in terms of operational energy, and vice versa. Others positively impact the embodied energy and environmental performance and can optimise the operational energy performance. Therefore, a careful evaluation should be carried out in selecting wall cladding systems and finishing materials in order to reduce the CO₂ emissions effectively.