基于文本规则的电网融冰决策技术

通过分析文本知识表达技术,重点介绍状态空间法、二值法和产生式系统。根据文本相关规定,对电网冰情制定了分级标准,对冰情的严重程度有了定量的衡量。通过提取文本元规则,选择控制策略,经过规则消除冲突,规则融合,得到1组新的规则集。在状态空间法的基础上,利用分级标准,结合二值法对规则集进行处理,得到1组能用数字和符号描述的规则集。在VFP软件平台上,根据规则集通过编程实现了不同类型电网融冰、除冰措施实施条件的决策。     

Structural, magnetic and dielectric properties of La2−xCaxNiO4+δ (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3)

The synthesis, structural, magnetic and dielectric properties of a new type of high permittivity materials La_2−xCa_xNiO_4+δ (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) (abbreviated as LCNs) were reported. The samples were prepared through conventional solid state reaction route. Detailed structural information was retrieved by Rietveld refinement; normalized bond length and bond valence was calculated to investigate the compression/dilation effect of bonds and atoms in unit cell. It can be found all samples belong to K₂NiF₄ structure with space group I4/mmm. Doping of Ca in La₂NiO_4+δ shrinks the unit cell and makes the structure tend to become instable. Three types of (La, Ca)-O bonds, and two kinds of Ni-O bonds exist in LCNs. Along c axis there are alternately compressed (La,Ca)O₉ dodecahedra and lengthened NiO₆ octahedra. Room temperature magnetic measurements show that the materials are paramagnetic and Ca doping can improve the spontaneous magnetization. Furthermore, all samples have colossal values of the dielectric constant (?) at frequencies lower than 1 kHz. Interestingly, La_1.8Ca_0.2NiO_4+δ maintains its high permittivity at frequencies up to 1 MHz while La_1.7Ca_0.3NiO_4+δ has the lowest dielectric loss (tan δ). Calcium doping can effectively enhance ? and inhibit tan δ. The distortion of (La,Ca)O₉ dodecahedra can well explain their dielectric properties.     

Evaluating expectations about negative emotional states of aggressive boys using Bayesian model selection.

Researchers often have expectations about the research outcomes in regard to inequality constraints between, e.g., group means. Consider the example of researchers who investigated the effects of inducing a negative emotional state in aggressive boys. It was expected that highly aggressive boys would, on average, score higher on aggressive responses toward other peers than moderately aggressive boys, who would in turn score higher than nonaggressive boys. In most cases, null hypothesis testing is used to evaluate such hypotheses. We show, however, that hypotheses formulated using inequality constraints between the group means are generally not evaluated properly. The wrong hypotheses are tested, i.e.. the null hypothesis that group means are equal. In this article, we propose an innovative solution to these above-mentioned issues using Bayesian model selection, which we illustrate using a case study. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

New optical material europium EDTA complex in polyvinyl pyrrolidone films with fluorescence enhanced by silver plasmons

In our search for efficient Luminescent Solar Concentrators (LSC) we have prepared polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) films incorporated by ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) complex of europium and co-doped with silver nanoparticles (NPs). Steady state fluorescence was studied under weak and strong excitation. Dynamical study was performed by second harmonic of Nd laser. Under weak excitation the fluorescence of europium co-doped with silver plasmons increased by a factor of three and excited by continuous laser by a factor of 50. The lifetimes of films doped by the complex were 755 μs and co-doped with silver nanoparticles 946 μs. This is the first finding that the photon density accumulates the number of plasmons interacting with electronic states of europium increasing its transition probability resulting in the strong intensification of fluorescence. In dynamical measurements of lifetimes a single pulse does not provide enough energy to create such number of plasmons.     

隧道及地下工程岩体模型材料研究现状分析

归纳了当今国内外地质力学模型相似材料的研究现状,指出了常用相似材料的优缺点,并对测试相似材料力学特性的方法作了介绍,最终选取相似程度最好的模型材料,以更好的模拟实际条件。     

架空线路覆冰闪络跳闸特性分析与风险建模

极端冰灾天气下线路覆冰闪络跳闸是激发大电网脆弱性、导致大面积停电的重要因素。覆冰闪络跳闸等现象的风险评估是建立冰灾防御体系的基础。基于电网层面,进行了冰灾天气下线路覆冰闪络跳闸的风险状态识别与风险建模。根据覆冰闪络跳闸特性分析,界定了输电网绝缘系统的脆弱点,即覆冰期绝缘系统冰凌桥接、融冰期冰凌断流等临界点。进一步建立了覆冰闪络状态的划分原则与风险等级,并对预测冰况进行了模糊模式识别和风险评级,为运行人员提供了动态风险信息。针对数据的小样本、多输入等特点,采用统计学习理论结构风险最小化方法,构建了最小二乘支持向量机（least squares support vector machine,LSSVM）冰闪跳闸风险评估模型,依据贝叶斯（Bayesian）证据推理优化模型参数。通过与误差反向传播人工神经网络（artificial neural networkwith error back propagation,BP-ANN）算法对比,验证了该模型的有效性。最后通过脆弱性指标分析了网架结构破坏的严重性与电网绝缘系统的脆弱性。     

岭澳核电站二期工程3号机组反应堆控制系统启动试验研究

为了验证岭澳核电站二期工程国内自主设计的反应堆控制系统与其他引进数字化仪控平台的匹配性,进行了反应堆功率和温度控制系统试验、稳压器压力水位控制系统试验、蒸发器水位控制系统试验.试验结果表明:反应堆控制系统的设计与其数字化仪控系统是相适应的,其控制逻辑组态符合功能设计要求,各控制系统经参数优化投自动后运行稳定,抗扰动能力...     

照明的明天：什么是热点

从社会、产品和应用的角度,举例说明未来数年照明的＂热点＂。从社会的角度,说明可持续发展以及相关节能产品和应用设计的持续重要性。要更加关注完全无废料的设计,即＂从摇篮到摇篮＂（from cradle to cradle）的设计。从产品的角度,说明固态将成为许多产品应用的标准。在固态照明方面,由于所提供的数据常常有误而令新用户不满,因此向固态照明转变的脚步会放缓。若有效控制固态照明中的眩光,须有新型的光学设计。目前的评价体系,是通过经验方法获得,完全不适用于固态照明环境,因此需要全新的眩光评价体系。普通室内照明的显色性和色表规格,过去以白炽灯为基准,现在须设定严格的新标准。在应用方面,若要达到非视觉生物效应,智能动态照明也要成为一种标准。我们将看到,为减少因生物钟失调而出现的问题,会广泛应用光学治疗。在固定路灯方面,随着汽车系统本身的发展,不会再优先考虑物体的能见度。我们需要的不再是路灯亮度概念,而是更加三维的概念。若综合考虑中间视觉的所有效果,路灯光源的最有效光谱应该偏暖白光。老年人会丧失短波长视觉能力,是其中的主要原因。     

基于双模态控制的异步电机并联运行方法的研究

针对两台电机参数和负载不一致的情形,在原有单台电机磁场定向矢量控制模型的基础上,结合平均的思想,推导出适合一个逆变器控制两台电机的磁场定向控制模型。该数学模型在矢量控制思想的核心下,利用定子电流的q轴分量控制电机的平均转矩,d轴分量控制平均转子磁通。由于PI控制和模糊滑模变结构控制在交流调试系统中的局限性,利用它们的各自优点,采用双模态控制方法对交流异步电动机系统进行控制。仿真结果表明,无论在启动时负荷不均衡、运行时负荷不均衡还是运行时负荷均衡情况下,该系统都能平稳运行,且具有较好的动态、稳态性能。该方案的研究对轨道交通意义较大。     

新型电动汽车动力电池SOC估计方法研究

利用支持向量回归算法(ε-SVR)非线性逼近能力强、收敛速度快、具有全局最优解的特性,对电动汽车动力电池的荷电状态(State of Charge,简称SOC)估计方法进行了研究,确立了动力电池的电压、电流、输入输出功率与SOC之间的非线性关系.通过对比BP神经网络算法进行了仿真实验.结果表明,利用ε-SVR算法能更准确地逼近实际SOC值,获得更好的估计效果.