Adsorptive removal of nitrate and phosphate anions from aqueous solutions using functionalised SBA‐15: Effects of the organic functional group

Adsorption of nitrate and monovalent phosphate anions from aqueous solutions on mono, di‐ and tri‐ammonium‐functionalised mesoporous SBA‐15 silica was investigated. The adsorbents were prepared via a post‐synthesis grafting method, using either 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (N‐silane) or [1‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐3‐aminopropyl]trimethoxysilane (NN‐silane) or 1‐[3‐(trimethoxysilyl)‐propyl]‐diethylenetriamine (NNN‐silane), followed by acidification in HCl solution to convert the attached surface amino groups to positively charged ammonium moieties. The nominal loading of amino moieties on the SBA‐15 surface was varied from 5% to 20% as organoalkoxysilane/silica molar ratio. The adsorption experiments were conducted batchwise at room temperature. Results showed that adsorption capacity increased with increasing the concentration of monoammonium groups on the SBA‐15 adsorbent. Nitrate adsorption capacity increased from 0.34 to 0.66 mmol ${\rm NO}_{3}^{{-} } /{\rm g}$ adsorbent while phosphate adsorption capacity increased from 0.34 to 0.63 mmol ${\rm H}_{2} {\rm PO}_{4}^{{-} } /{\rm g}$ adsorbent when the molar ratio organoalkoxysilane/silica was varied from 5% to 20%, respectively. Also, for the same organoalkoxysilane/silica molar ratio of 10%, the adsorption capacity increased with the increase of the number of protonated amines in the functional groups. Therefore, maximum adsorption capacities of 0.80, 1.16 and 1.38 mmol ${\rm NO}_{3}^{{-} } /{\rm g}$ adsorbent and 0.72, 0.82 and 1.17 mmol ${\rm H}_{2} {\rm PO}_{4}^{{-} } /{\rm g}$ adsorbent were obtained using mono‐, di‐ and triammonium functionalised SBA‐15 adsorbents, respectively. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering     

Preparation of Chelating Resins Containing a Pair of Neighboring Carboxylic Acid Groups and the Adsorption Characteristics for Heavy Metal Ions

Abstract

For the functional enhancement of chelating resins containing carboxylic acids, copolymer beads were prepared by suspension polymerization of styrene (St), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and divinylbenzene (DVB) in the presence of toluene as diluent. The phenyl rings of the beads were directly chloromethylated, and the carboxylic ester groups of the beads were converted into hydroxymethyl groups by reduction followed by chlorination to give chloromethyl groups, respectively. The chelating resins containing a pair of neighboring carboxylic acid groups (NCAGs) were obtained by the alkylation of chloromethyl groups in copolymer beads with diethyl malonate in the presence of sodium hydride followed by hydrolysis using aqueous alkali solution. Accordingly, the structural effects of the resins on the adsorption of heavy metal ions were investigated. Poly(St‐co‐DVB)‐based chelating resin containing NCAGs showed adsorption abilities toward heavy metal ions like Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Cu²⁺, whereas poly(MMA‐co‐DVB)‐based chelating resin containing NCAGs showed adsorption abilities toward heavy metal ions like Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Co²⁺. On the other hand, poly(St‐co‐MMA‐co‐DVB)‐based chelating resin containing NCAGs showed adsorption abilities toward heavy metal ions like Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺, Co²⁺, and Cu²⁺: a synergistic effect on the adsorption of heavy metal ions like Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺, and Co²⁺ was observed. The adsorption ability of poly(St‐co‐MMA‐co‐DVB)‐based chelating resin among three kinds of chelating resins was relatively good.     

聚丙烯酸钠吸附含铜废水的研究

用聚丙烯酸钠吸附含铜废水,考察了吸附剂用量、时间、温度、pH值对聚丙烯酸钠吸附铜性能的影响。结果表明,对含200 mg/L的高铜废水,吸附条件为温度50℃,聚丙烯酸钠量30 g/L,时间60 min,pH为6时,聚丙烯酸钠对其的吸附率为97.14%,最大吸附容量为8.35 mg/g。聚丙烯酸钠对Cu2+的吸附具有Langmuir吸附特征,分子中的羧基与Cu2+发生了配位作用,吸附机理以单分子层化学吸附为主,吸附量受温度影响不大。     

蛋壳膜对有机染料的吸附脱色作用研究

蛋壳膜是一种大孔型的生物活性吸附材料,具有较大的比表面积。研究了蛋壳膜对有机染料曙红B的吸附脱色作用。试验考察了吸附时间、溶液pH值、温度对吸附脱色的影响。吸附平衡时间为100min;最佳pH值吸附条件为2．0;蛋壳膜对曙红B的吸附量随温度升高而增加。在常温下,蛋壳膜对曙红B的脱色率达95％以上,最大吸附量为40．9mg／g,其吸附行为符合Freundlich吸附等温线。     

烟气水蒸汽含量对变温吸附烟气脱硫过程的影响

通过动态吸附实验,考察了水蒸汽含量对SO2在脱硫脱硝活性炭上变温吸附过程的影响,分析了其含量0~0.20(摩尔比或体积比,下同)条件下的吸附规律,并基于吸附模型对实验数据进行了讨论. 对Bangham吸附模型进行改进以包含水蒸汽的影响,并应用该模型进行了预测,在不同水蒸汽含量时,模型的模拟值与实验值吻合较好. 结果表明,在所研究的体系和条件范围内,烟气中的水蒸汽增大了脱硫率、SO2吸附量、平衡吸附量和吸附速率,其含量在0.07~0.10范围内效果较优,此时最大SO2平衡吸附量为73.00 mg/g.     

改性粉煤灰对含镍废水的吸附研究

探讨了改性粉煤灰处理含镍废水的影响因素,结果表明：改性粉煤灰的除镍性能与废水pH值、吸附时间、反应温度等因素有关。当pH小于7时,吸附起主导作用,随着pH值的升高,沉淀逐渐起主导作用。通过动力学及热力学研究表明：改性粉煤灰对含镍废水的吸附符合班厄姆吸附动力学方程及Langmuir吸附等温式,即符合单分子层吸附理论,且为自发、吸热过程。     

环烷酸缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能评价研究

存在于石油中的酸性物质统称为石油酸,其中环烷酸的含量又占90％以上。当原油酸值超过0．5mgKOH／g时．就会在200～400℃下产生环烷酸腐蚀：在270～280℃时产生环烷酸腐蚀的第一个高峰：在340～350℃出现第二个腐蚀高峰：在400℃以上观察不到环烷酸腐蚀．此时环烷酸已经完全分解。环烷酸在高温下对设备的腐蚀一直威胁着相关炼油厂的生产安全。我国的辽河、孤岛、大港、中原等原油及蓬莱、流花、秦皇岛等海上原油均属于高酸值原油,近年来相当多的进口原油酸值也很高．因此,相关炼厂迫切需要解决环烷酸的高温防腐问题。     

高分子壳聚糖衍生物改性膨润土制备新型吸附剂

用一种阳离子型壳聚糖衍生物改性膨润土,制备一种新型有机膨润土吸附材料,考察了制备条件对吸附剂吸附性能的影响。通过正交实验获得影响阳离子型壳聚糖衍生物在膨润土上负载的主要因素,并进行了单因素实验,考察主要因素对吸附性能的影响。实验结果表明,阳离子型壳聚糖衍生物的浓度、负载反应温度以及膨润土的活化温度是影响吸附剂吸附性能的主要因素。在以苯酚为目标吸附物时,当阳离子型壳聚糖衍生物的浓度为30g／L左右、膨润土的活化温度为240℃、负载反应温度为75℃时所制备的吸附剂的吸附性能最好,吸附剂的饱和吸附量可达到10．25mg／g（苯酚起始浓度为60ppm）,是未改性土的数十倍,可应用于低浓度含酚类废水的处理。     

Comparing Al-SBA-15 Support and Pt/Al-SBA-15 Catalyst: Changes in Al Speciation and Acidic Properties Induced by the Introduction of Pt via Aqueous Medium

Differences between the acidic properties of silicoaluminic Pt-containing catalysts and those assessed on their parent supports have been reported in the literature and attributed to the presence of the metal nanoparticles and to their influence on the acid sites. It is shown here that for mesoporous materials containing various types of Al species, an alternative explanation can be proposed. ²⁷Al NMR spectroscopy, FTIR of adsorbed CO and probe catalytic tests suggest the redistribution of aluminium atoms upon contact of the parent support with the aqueous solution containing the Pt precursor. Upon contact with water and thermal treatment, strong and mild Brønsted sites (Si–O(H)–Al) transform into strong Lewis sites (isolated tetracoordinated Al atoms). As a consequence, it may not be straightforward to deduce the acidic properties of metal-containing catalysts supported on Al-containing mesoporous materials from those of the bare support, because the surface species may differ significantly.     

微生物固定法降解含油污水的研究进展

随着微生物固定化技术的发展,越来越多的研究成果应用于环境治理领域。固定化技术在废水生物治理领域中具有独特的优势和巨大的潜力。本文主要介绍了吸附法和包埋法这两种固定化方法载体的选择和制备方法,探讨了固定化技术对微生物生理特性的影响,综述了固定化技术在修复石油污染方面的应用,总结了固定化微生物技术在实际应用中存在的不足。