真空预压软基处理法在深基坑支护工程中的应用

软弱地基上的深基坑开挖一直是基础工程的重难点,关系到边坡稳定、基坑支护成本、桩基的安全等问题。中山港口某项目,占地面积5.3万m2,基坑深约4 m,地处深厚淤泥之上,如何保证基坑开挖以及工程桩的安全成为重难点。经70余天的真空预压处理,场地沉降约1 m,基底上下5 m范围内的淤泥固结成了软塑状的淤泥质土,其承载力等力学性能得到很大提高,使基坑支护工程和土方开挖的难度大大降低。文章以该项目深基坑支护工程为背景,详细论述了真空预压软基处理方法的施工工艺、处理效果以及施工注意事项,其在深基坑支护工程中的成功运用可供类似工程参考。     

真空降水联合强夯法加固粉土路基的研究

结合绍兴滨海新城新东线道路的软基处理工程,进行了真空井点降水联合强夯法的现场试验研究。试验过程中对每遍处理过程中的孔隙水压力、地下水位、施工沉降进行了实时监测和分析,并对加固后的路基进行静力触探检测和地基承载力检测。结果表明:真空井点降水联合强夯法可有效加固深厚饱和粉土路基,能加快孔隙水压力消散,缩短工期;并使加固后土体的Ps值和地基承载力显著提高,有效加固深度达8 m,处理效果显著。     

不同曝气剪切条件下活性污泥絮体特性研究

采用轮流搅拌-曝气SBR系统模拟两种不同曝气方式(分点曝气和分段曝气),研究其形成的污泥絮体特性.结果表明:在相同的运行条件下,分点曝气形成的污泥絮体尺度大、沉降性能好,两者的SVI平均值分别为133mL/g和202mL/g,平均粒径分别为74.26μm和53.46μm,而且分点曝气中拥有更多的大颗粒絮体;分点曝气形成的污泥絮体稳定性优于分段曝气,在连续曝气条件下,两种污泥絮体均受到剪切破碎,不仅初始粒子被剥离,而且絮体也被打碎变小,但分段曝气被破碎的程度更大;分点曝气和分段曝气所形成的污泥絮体的EPS含量分别为31.21mg/gVSS和21.6mg/gVSS,且前者EPS中的多糖、蛋白质和DNA组分均比后者多,两者EPS的主要组分以蛋白质为主.两种污泥经连续曝气3h后,EPS皆增大,且多糖含量增加较多;分点曝气和分段曝气形成的污泥比阻分别为5.21×1012 m/kg和7.94×1012 m/kg,前者污泥的脱水性能较好.经连续曝气3h后,两种污泥的比阻明显增大,脱水性能变差.     

FEM analysis of vacuum hot bulge forming of Hastelloy C-276 thin-walled cylindrical workpiece

A stress relaxation test has been carried out for Hastelloy C-276 at temperature of 800 ~C and initial stress level of 250 MPa. Based on the experimental stress relaxation curve, the relationship between creep strain rate and stress has been derived. Then, a set of creep constitutive equations has been built and the values of constants arising in the constitutive equations have been determined by fitting the creep strain rate-stress curve. Close agreement between computed results and experimental ones is obtained for stress relaxation data. The creep constitutive equation set has been integrated with the commercial FE （finite element） solver MSC.Marc via the user defined subroutine, CRPLAW, for the vacuum hot bulge forming process modelling of Hastelloy C-276 thin-walled cylindrical workpiece. The temperature field, the radius-direction displacement field and the stress-strain field are calculated and analyzed. Furthermore, the bulging dimension and the final internal diameter of workpiece are predicted and the test results verify the reliability of the finite element method.     

木薯乙醇发酵过程中2步法通气策略的研究

文章用木薯为原料,以酿酒活性干酵母FY—05为出发菌株,进行发酵中,采用了不同的通气策略,研究对菌体生长以及乙醇产生量的影响,优先出最佳的通气策略运用于乙醇的发酵生产。结出了实验结果。     

一种高效节能真空电熨斗的研究

为了提高电熨斗的安全性,同时降低其能耗,设计了一种高效节能的真空电熨斗,该电熨斗通过保温装置及真空导热装置,可以实现快速导热及长时间非通电状态下工作,具有安全可靠,高效节能,使用方便,成本低廉的特点,具有良好的市场推广前景。     

中频条件下真空灭弧室的纵向磁场仿真

该文研究了中频400～800Hz条件下纵磁真空灭弧室内的磁场特性,利用Ansys Maxwell求解了三维瞬态纵向磁场分布.由计算结果可知:在电流变化的过程中,中心区域纵向磁场的变化明显滞后于其他区域.电流峰值时在触头片开槽交错放置的位置有磁场峰值区域,电流过零时中心区域有明显剩磁.当频率增加时,涡流效应更明显,使纵向磁场的磁感应强度值减弱.对中心点,频率提高导致过零时剩磁增加,磁场滞后相位更明显,影响电弧扩散.增加触头片开槽数可以减弱涡流效应,而增加触头杯座槽旋转角,触头中间平面磁感应强度的最大值近似线性增加.文中通过分析电弧形态和电压等实验结果验证了磁场滞后对真空灭弧室的开断能力的影响.     

Intensification of low-grade methane enrichment in nitrogen mixture by CH4/CO2 displacement

To solve the problem of CO₂ uncompleted desorption in the process of CO₂ displacement enhancing the adsorption separation of CH₄/N₂, a small amount of product gas CH₄ was used as purge gas to improve the CO₂ desorption. CH₄/CO₂ mixture gas obtained from desorption step was recycled as the displacement gas to enhance the enrichment of low-grade methane in nitrogen mixture. In this work, the research conducted the experiments for CH₄/N₂ separation using CH₄/CO₂ displacement intensification adsorption and the laboratory-made coconut shell activated carbon as sorbent. The mathematical models were built in gPROMS and the accuracy of models was verified by comparison of simulations and CH₄/N₂/CO₂ breakthrough experiments. The performance of enrichment of low-grade methane with displacement intensification using different displacer was compared. The result showed that the process with CH₄/CO₂ displacement had higher purity product than CO₂ displacement. The CH₄/ CO₂ mixed gas replacement enhanced vacuum pressure swing adsorption cycle experiment was carried out, which can jointly enrich 14% CH₄/ N₂ and 53% CH₄/CO₂ to 98.8%, and at the same time obtain a recovery rate of 77.8%.     

热处理对EP/CF及EP/CF/GF复合材料力学性能的影响

采用真空辅助树脂转移模塑（VARTM）技术制备了环氧树脂/碳纤维（EP/CF）和环氧树脂/碳纤维/玻璃纤维毡（EP/CF/GF）复合材料。测试了两种纤维铺层方式中树脂流动距离的平方与流动时间的关系,对两种铺层纤维体系的渗透率进行了研究对比;将两种复合材料进行高温处理,并且对其高温处理前后的力学性能进行分析;利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察了复合材料的拉伸断口形貌。结果表明,EP/CF/GF中GF毡的松散结构使树脂更易流动;高温热处理造成了EP/CF弹性模量和拉伸应变的降低,其中弹性模量降低了9.97 %、拉伸应变降低了11.36 %,但对EP/CF/GF的影响较小;GF毡的加入造成了2种复合材料弯曲性能的下降;未经处理的复合材料断口表面光滑,而热处理后的复合材料断口表面粗糙且有大量基体附着。     

Flexible Furnace Concepts for Vacuum Heat Treatment Combined with High-pressure Gas Quenching

IN the past five years the process combination of vacuum hardening, respectively vacuum carburizing with high-pressure gas quenching was successfully introduced to the market, especially in the manufacture of gears. In the meantime furnace concepts for various applications are available to the industry. In the following report three plant varieties are introduced, which differ in process flexibility and throughput. This report also explains criteria for the selection of a furnace in view of the existing application requirements. Besides this a short introduction is given into the vacuum carburizing process and the high-pressure gas quenching technology.