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991.
John Peterson Weilin Li Brian Cesar‐Tondreau John Bird Kevin Kochersberger Wojciech Czaja Morgan McLean 《野外机器人技术杂志》2019,36(4):818-845
This paper discusses the results of a field experiment conducted at Savannah River National Laboratory to test the performance of several algorithms for the localization of radioactive materials. In this multirobot system, both an unmanned aerial vehicle, a custom hexacopter, and an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV), the ClearPath Jackal, equipped with γ‐ray spectrometers, were used to collect data from two radioactive source configurations. Both the Fourier scattering transform and the Laplacian eigenmap algorithms for source detection were tested on the collected data sets. These algorithms transform raw spectral measurements into alternate spaces to allow clustering to detect trends within the data which indicate the presence of radioactive sources. This study also presents a point source model and accompanying information‐theoretic active exploration algorithm. Field testing validated the ability of this model to fuse aerial and ground collected radiation measurements, and the exploration algorithm’s ability to select informative actions to reduce model uncertainty, allowing the UGV to locate radioactive material online. 相似文献
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Flying on point clouds: Online trajectory generation and autonomous navigation for quadrotors in cluttered environments 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Micro aerial vehicles (MAVs), especially quadrotors, have been widely used in field applications, such as disaster response, field surveillance, and search‐and‐rescue. For accomplishing such missions in challenging environments, the capability of navigating with full autonomy while avoiding unexpected obstacles is the most crucial requirement. In this paper, we present a framework for online generating safe and dynamically feasible trajectories directly on the point cloud, which is the lowest‐level representation of range measurements and is applicable to different sensor types. We develop a quadrotor platform equipped with a three‐dimensional (3D) light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) for simultaneously estimating states of the vehicle and building point cloud maps of the environment. Based on the incrementally registered point clouds, we online generate and refine a flight corridor, which represents the free space that the trajectory of the quadrotor should lie in. We represent the trajectory as piecewise Bézier curves by using the Bernstein polynomial basis and formulate the trajectory generation problem as a convex program. By using Bézier curves, we can constrain the position and kinodynamics of the trajectory entirely within the flight corridor and given physical limits. The proposed approach is implemented to run onboard in real‐time and is integrated into an autonomous quadrotor platform. We demonstrate fully autonomous quadrotor flights in unknown, complex environments to validate the proposed method. 相似文献
993.
采用无人机航测平台标校光学助降系统光学下滑道指示角度时,需要确定无人机航拍穿越光学下滑道时刻航测相机镜头成像中心位置。首先需要获取无人机标校平台航测相机视频帧成像瞬时的精确时间,然后根据成像时刻GPS天线相位中心的坐标,结合无人机平台的姿态信息通过坐标转换得到拍照时刻航测相机镜头几何中心的坐标。本文设计并实现了一种基于SoC的无人机航测视频信息叠加方法,充分利用SoC内的嵌入式ARM核和媒体处理平台资源,ARM核心处理器的主要功能是完成与外设的通信及控制,专用的媒体处理平台完成音视频解码,采用SoC专用解码芯片的方案具有开发灵活和集成度高等优点。 相似文献
994.
为了提高四旋翼无人飞行器的运动稳定性,通过改变机械结构参数,研究了变结构参数对系统稳定性的影响.本文以四旋翼无人飞行器的偏航阶段为对象,根据基于动力学模型的李雅普诺夫指数计算过程,得到了影响系统稳定性的主要机械结构参数,并采用李雅普诺夫指数法建立其主要机械结构参数与系统运动稳定性之间的量化关系,以期指导系统的机械结构设计及控制系统优化,提高系统的可靠性和稳定性,最后,通过实验验证理论仿真分析过程中的结论.该方法与李雅普诺夫的第二法相比,其主要优势是计算指数方法的可构建性,并可以使复杂非线性系统的稳定性分析成为可能. 相似文献
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In this paper, we investigate the use of formations of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as phased antenna arrays. This will help to improve communications with clusters of small unmanned aerial vehicles which are currently constrained by on-board power limitations. The problem of maximizing the power output from the array in the direction of the receiver is posed as an optimization problem which happens to be non-convex; a relaxation of this problem is then solved as a computationally tractable (convex) Second-Order Conic Program (SOCP). The performance obtained by the simplified approach is then tested against rigorous numerical bounds obtained using Semidefinite Programming (SDP) duality theory; these bounds are of independent interest in antenna theory. In order to maintain the objective value close to the optimal when the vehicles deviate from their positions (due to wind gusts, for example), a simple linear control law is proposed. Simulation results are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed approaches. 相似文献
999.
机载POS系统利用惯性导航技术与GPS等技术的特征优势,能够准确获取航空摄影相机曝光时刻的姿态参数与位置参数等外方位元素,实现了在省略空中三角测量加密与地面控制点等工序基础上的定向测量,生产效率与作业成本等随之优化。文章主要对POS辅助航空摄影测量技术及应用进行阐述,分析系统误差来源与应用需求等,希望对航空摄影测量技术的优化发展起到积极的参照作用。 相似文献
1000.
Rogerio Bonatti Wenshan Wang Cherie Ho Aayush Ahuja Mirko Gschwindt Efe Camci Erdal Kayacan Sanjiban Choudhury Sebastian Scherer 《野外机器人技术杂志》2020,37(4):606-641
Aerial cinematography is revolutionizing industries that require live and dynamic camera viewpoints such as entertainment, sports, and security. However, safely piloting a drone while filming a moving target in the presence of obstacles is immensely taxing, often requiring multiple expert human operators. Hence, there is a demand for an autonomous cinematographer that can reason about both geometry and scene context in real‐time. Existing approaches do not address all aspects of this problem; they either require high‐precision motion‐capture systems or global positioning system tags to localize targets, rely on prior maps of the environment, plan for short time horizons, or only follow fixed artistic guidelines specified before the flight. In this study, we address the problem in its entirety and propose a complete system for real‐time aerial cinematography that for the first time combines: (a) vision‐based target estimation; (b) 3D signed‐distance mapping for occlusion estimation; (c) efficient trajectory optimization for long time‐horizon camera motion; and (d) learning‐based artistic shot selection. We extensively evaluate our system both in simulation and in field experiments by filming dynamic targets moving through unstructured environments. Our results indicate that our system can operate reliably in the real world without restrictive assumptions. We also provide in‐depth analysis and discussions for each module, with the hope that our design tradeoffs can generalize to other related applications. Videos of the complete system can be found at https://youtu.be/ookhHnqmlaU . 相似文献