A compact photomicroreactor design for kinetic studies of gas‐liquid photocatalytic transformations

A compact photomicroreactor assembly consisting of a capillary microreactor and small‐scale light emitting diodes was developed for the study of reaction kinetics in the gas‐liquid photocatalytic oxidation of thiophenol to phenyl disulfide within Taylor flow. The importance of photons was convincingly shown by a suction phenomenon due to the fast consumption of oxygen. Mass transfer limitations were evaluated and an operational zone without mass transfer effects was chosen to study reaction kinetics. Effects of photocatalyst loading and light sources on the reaction performance were investigated. Reaction kinetic analysis was performed to obtain reaction orders with respect to both thiophenol and oxygen based on heterogeneous and homogeneous experimental results, respectively. The Hatta number further indicated elimination of mass transfer limitations. Reaction rate constants at different photocatalyst loadings and different photon flux were calculated. Furthermore, the advantages of this photomicroreactor assembly for studying gas‐liquid photocatalytic reaction kinetics were demonstrated as compared with batch reactors. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 2215–2227, 2015     

PVA凝胶小球在废水生物处理工艺中的应用

PVA凝胶小球是一种亲水性好、具有良好细菌栖息性的新型微生物固定化载体。以PVA凝胶小球为载体,分析研究其在废水厌氧、好氧及脱氮生物处理工艺中的应用现状,指出PVA生物处理系统具有微生物富集量高、系统启动快、容积负荷高、CODCr及TN去除率高等明显的技术优势。针对不同类型废水开展PVA生物处理工艺基础试验研究以及工程化实践,是一个值得关注的发展趋势。     

精对苯二甲酸废水处理工艺进展

PTA生产废水处理过程中常用工艺流程中包含好氧法、厌氧法等活性污泥法,通过应用实例证明, PTA废水处理需要采用物化／好氧／厌氧相结合的工艺才能够达到比较好的处理效果,膜生物反应器、非均相催化氧化等深化处理工艺等能够进一步提高出水水质,提升工业用水回用率。     

A/O-混凝工艺处理氰酚废水的研究

采用后继混凝沉淀的A/O工艺对含酚、氰的焦化废水进行了处理,运行结果表明:废水中酚质量浓度从287～681 mg/L降至1.0 mg/L以下,氰化物质量浓度从0.72～11.4 mg/L降至0.5 mg/L以下,完全达到了<污水综合排放标准>(GB 8978-1996)的二级排放标准;COD_(Cr)从3 879～6 378 mg/L降至116.1～184.2 mg/L.氨氮从145.6～200 mg/L降至11.64～25.26 mg/L.大多数时间达到排放标准.     

城市生活污泥生物减水技术研究

利用微生物好氧发酵实现城市污水厂污泥生物减水试验研究表明,翻堆及通风方式等因素影响好氧发酵过程中微生物数量及种群的变化,从而影响含水率的变化,在45℃～50℃中高温阶段,中、高温菌共存,污泥减水速率最大,为污泥生物减水的主要阶段。     

好氧颗粒污泥的形成及其性质

综述了好氧颗粒污泥的研究进展 ,包括好氧颗粒污泥的基本特征和微生物相、好氧颗粒污泥形成的主要条件及其颗粒化过程、好氧颗粒污泥反应器等 .好氧颗粒污泥是近几年发现的在好氧条件下自发形成的细胞自身固定化颗粒 ,具有良好的沉淀性能、较高的生物量和在高容积负荷条件下降解高浓度有机废水的良好生物活性 .颗粒化过程是一个多阶段的过程 ,取决于废水组成、操作条件和适当的选择压等因素 .SBR反应器 (SequencingBatchReactor)有利于好氧颗粒污泥的形成     

热风干燥制备马铃薯颗粒全粉试验研究

采用两因素三水平的全面正交试验,研究热风干燥温度和切片厚度对马铃薯干燥特性及对马铃薯颗粒全粉堆积密度、水合能力的影响.结果表明:马铃薯片的干燥过程分为调整、等速和降速3个干燥阶段.其中等速和降速干燥阶段的速率明显受到干燥温度和切片厚度的影响.粒径为0.125mm～0.175mm之间的马铃薯颗粒全粉堆积密度为0.73 g/mL～0.80g/mL、水合能力(WHC)为每克样品中含水2.98～6.01,复水后的马铃薯泥具有沙口性和浓郁的马铃薯香味.     

基于近红外光谱的大黄鱼新鲜度评价模型

目的 探索定量评价大黄鱼新鲜度的方法。方法 在整鱼背部采集近红外光谱, 将原始光谱预处理后分别与挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、菌落总数建立偏最小二乘(PLS)模型、区间偏最小二乘(iPLS)模型、向后区间偏最小二乘(biPLS)模型和联合区间偏最小二乘(siPLS)模型。结果 biPLS模型的精度最高、预测性能最佳。TVB-N的biPLS模型的校正集和预测集相关系数分别为0.8371和0.7652; 菌落总数的biPLS模型的校正集和预测集相关系数分别为0.878和0.7009。结论 大黄鱼的近红外光谱信息与其TVB-N、菌落总数间都存在较高的相关性, 所建模型可以快速、无损地定量评价大黄鱼的新鲜度。     

桑椹汁保健泡腾冲剂的研制

以桑椹汁和桑叶为主要原料,添加白砂糖、柠檬酸、香精、L-赖氨酸盐酸盐等辅料,经调配、过滤、浓缩、干燥、灭菌、包装等工序加工而成的桑椹汁保健泡腾冲剂,其色泽美观、口感较好、风味独特、溶解和泡腾性好,是具有较强保健作用的产品。     

The effects of Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 and Pediococcus pentosaceus R1094 on the fermentation of corn silage

The effect of inoculating whole-plant corn at the time of harvest with Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 (4 × 10⁵ cfu/g of fresh forage) combined with Pediococcus pentosaceus R1094 (1 × 10⁵ cfu/g) on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage (37% dry matter) through 361 d of ensiling was investigated. Dry matter recovery was similar between treatments throughout the study except at one early time point (14 d), when treated silage had a lower recovery than untreated silage. The concentration of lactic acid was unaffected by inoculation but inoculated silages had greater concentrations of 1,2-propanediol and acetic acid from 56 to 361 d of storage. In general, inoculation decreased the concentration of water-soluble carbohydrates but increased the concentration of ethanol. The numbers of yeasts was lower in inoculated silage at 42, 56, 70, and 282 d of ensiling. However, inoculation did not consistently improve the aerobic stability of silage, suggesting that microbes other than yeasts may have been responsible for aerobic instability in this study. Even after prolonged storage (361 d), silage treated with L. buchneri 40788 and P. pentosaceus R1094 had normal silage fermentation characteristics.