邻苯二甲酸酯鼓泡生物降解

该课题测试了邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的鼓泡生物降解行为。结果表明，邻苯二甲酸酯的降解速率常数（kb)与其烷基链长度之间存在良好的相关性，kb=0.0009x^2-0.019x 0.1123，相关系数r=0.9906；浓度超过500mg/L时，邻苯二甲酸二乙酯可抑制自身的生物降解；中间产物邻苯二甲酸浓度超过50mg/L时，也对邻苯二甲酸二乙酯的生物降解有明显的抑制作用。     

UASB-接触氧化处理高浓度有机废水试验研究

本文主要通过UASB 接触氧化生化处理模型对某化工厂废水的试验研究，探索运用UASB法处理高浓度有机废水的可行性。同时还探讨了废水的CODcr及含盐量对UASB处理效率的影响，以及关键参数的选用。     

Resistance to aerobic deterioration of total mixed ration silage: effect of ration formulation,air infiltration and storage period on fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability

BACKGROUND: High aerobic stability can be expected when wet brewers' grains are stored as a total mixed ration (TMR) silage. To understand the factors affecting the stability, the effects of ration formulation, air infiltration and storage period were studied. RESULTS: A TMR containing wet brewers' grains, hay, maize, wheat bran, beet pulp and molasses was ensiled in laboratory silos for 14 and 56 days. The effects of hay species (lucerne or sudangrass) and air infiltration (Exp. 1) and of excluding one, two or three items from the six ingredients (Exp. 2) were examined. Ethanol was the main fermentation product in all TMR silages in this study. Aerobic deterioration occurred in 14 day silages prepared with sudangrass hay along with air infiltration (Exp. 1), and with the simplest recipe where three items (hay, maize and wheat bran) were excluded (Exp. 2). No deterioration occurred in 56 day silages regardless of ration formulation and air infiltration. Yeasts receded in 56 day silages, except with the simplest recipe, to the 10² cfu g^?1 level and remained undetectable in the presence of air (Exp. 2). CONCLUSION: TMR silage can resist aerobic deterioration provided that a sufficient ensiling period has elapsed. Silages stored for only a few weeks may be susceptible to deterioration when air is infiltrated or where fewer ingredients are used in the TMR mixture. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

鼠李糖乳杆菌及枯草芽孢杆菌发酵对饲料品质的影响

该研究通过测定发酵饲料pH值、活菌数、乳酸含量及中性蛋白酶活性,筛选出适宜基础饲料发酵的鼠李糖乳杆菌（Lactobacillus rhamnosus）BLCC2-0038和枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）BLCC1-0281,并对筛选出的鼠李糖乳杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌进行单菌及混菌发酵方式进行了研究。结果表明,BLCC2-0038单独发酵72 h时pH值降至3.73,活菌数达到7.05×109 CFU/g,乳酸含量为48.67 mg/g;BLCC1-0281单独发酵72 h时,活菌数达到2.28×1010 CFU/g,中性蛋白酶活性达到3 207 U/g;BLCC2-0038和BLCC1-0281混菌发酵时,以鼠李糖乳杆菌/枯草芽孢杆菌配比为3∶1,2%接种量,有氧发酵方式最优,发酵72 h时鼠李糖乳杆菌活菌数为5.35×109 CFU/g,枯草芽孢杆菌活菌数为7.80×109 CFU/g,中性蛋白酶活性为1 407.83 U/g。     

Modélisation de la cinétique de biodégradation de phénol par granules aérobies

This work describes a model of the biodegradation of phenol carried out by aerobic granules. These granules were obtained by culturing an activated sludge supernatant in a sequencing batch reactor fed with a synthetic waste water and subsequently, by acclimation to phenol (100 mg/L). The kinetics of phenol biodegradation by the aerobic granules was investigated over a wide range of initial phenol concentrations (40–1112 mg/L) in shake‐flask cultures. A Haldane‐type model was adjusted to the experimental results, which depicts successfully the phenol biodegradation profiles in the entire range of initial concentrations studied by using only one set of parameters. It is our view that the proposed model could contribute to the knowledge about the ability of aerobic granular systems to biodegrade toxic, inhibitory compounds such as phenol.     

马铃薯全粉产品品质与生产控制

马铃薯全粉产品品质与生产控制紧密相关,在生产工艺中采用回填、调质等工序处理,能更好保全马铃薯风味物质和营养成分;应用科学方法去探索和提高工艺控制及生产控制水平,是全面提高马铃薯全粉品质保障。     

均匀试验设计优化酶法提取燕麦全粉蛋白质研究

采用酶法从燕麦全粉中提取燕麦蛋白.先对提取所用的酶进行筛选,选定提取率最高的碱性蛋白酶为提取酶类,在单因素试验基础上用五因素十水平均匀试验设计对酶法提取燕麦蛋白的工艺进行优化.结果表明:碱性蛋白酶提取燕麦蛋白的最佳工艺为:加酶量(E/S) 100.358 U/g,pH 10.5,温度53.49℃,液料比18∶1,时间60 min,在此条件下,提取率为84.09％,纯度达89.16％,得到的燕麦蛋白的等电点为4.4,分离率达93.33％.SDS-PAGE电泳分析显示,酶法制备的燕麦蛋白在65.2 ～ 12.5 ku上都有条带分布,其中74.3％的条带集中在31.3 ～40.0 ku和21.0 ～21.9 ku两个区间,与碱法相比,有条带缺失.     

改性木质素磺酸盐与黏结剂配伍的WG成粒性

[目的]改性术质素磺酸钠GCL4-1是一种优良农药分散剂,但其用于水分散粒剂(WG)时成粒性较国外产品稍差.[方法]将GCL4-1与6种农药常用黏结剂(淀粉、糊精、红糖、术糖、羟甲基纤维素钠、聚乙二醇)配伍后,测试WG的粒径分布及悬浮率、崩解性等性能.[结果]当淀粉质量分数为5％时,WG粒径在0.45～0.9 mm范围的颗粒达49.5％,热贮前后悬浮率分别为89.61％、87.77％,崩解液放置2h后沉淀层厚度为0.614 mm,稳定性略差于Kinsperse 126作分散剂制备的WG.糊精最佳质量分数为3％,此时粒径在0.45～0.9 mm范围的颗粒达45.6％,热贮前后悬浮率分别为91.26％、89.53％,崩解液放置2 h后沉淀层厚度仅为0.508 mm,稳定性与Kinsperse 126作分散剂的WG相当.[结论]淀粉和糊精与GCL4-1配伍使用能使WG具有较好的成粒性和优良的分散稳定性.     

好氧颗粒污泥胞外聚合物提取方法研究

采用4种方法(热、超声、高压、碱处理)分别研究在不同的作用时间和方式下对好氧颗粒污泥EPS的提取效果。综合考虑各提取方法的提取效果及对于污泥细胞的破坏程度后,确定热处理(80℃,30min)和超声波提取(320W,40s)法均是可行的,其中热处理提取产物中多糖、蛋白质分别为30.3、8.1mg/gVSS,而超声波则分别为24.3、10.8mg/gVSS。好氧颗粒污泥EPS中多糖含量高于蛋白质,在热处理及超声波提取的产物中,多糖与蛋白质之比分别为3.7与2.3。     

城市污泥混合青霉素菌渣堆肥实验

为分析抗生素残留对菌渣堆肥过程的影响,以青霉素菌渣、市政脱水污泥和木屑为原料,研究好氧堆肥过程温度、碳素、氮素等理化参数的变化及青霉素的降解情况. 首先通过0.4 m³的大堆体研究菌渣好氧堆肥的可行性,然后通过5个6 L的小堆体详细研究菌渣污泥混合堆肥过程. 结果表明：菌渣污泥混合堆肥升温效果优于对照的单纯污泥. 堆肥菌渣质量分数与堆肥物料总有机碳（TOC）质量分数成正比,堆体的TOC质量分数随堆肥时间不断下降且趋于稳定,菌渣残留的青霉素未影响堆肥过程TOC的变化趋势. 投加菌渣增加了堆体的水溶性有机碳（WSOC）质量分数,生物可利用碳源的增加促进了堆肥过程微生物的转化作用,有助于堆肥过程温度的升高. 添加菌渣有助于减少堆肥原料中的氮素损失,且在第5天已检测不到菌渣中的抗生素残留. 可以通过混合堆肥实现菌渣的资源化利用及药物残留的分解.