Thermal expansion of molybdenum in the range 1500–2800 K by a transient interferometric technique

The linear thermal expansion of molybdenum has been measured in the temperature range 1500–2800 K by means of a transient (subsecond) interferometric technique. The molybdenum selected for these measurements was the Standard Reference Material SRM 781 (a high-temperature enthalpy and heat capacity standard). The results are expressed by the relation where T is in K and l ₀ is the specimen length at 20°C. The maximum error in the reported values of thermal expansion is estimated to be about 1% at 2000 K and not more than 2% at 2800 K.Paper presented at the Ninth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 24–27, 1985, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.     

Photothermal radiometric detection and imaging of surface cracks

This paper discusses surface crack detection by photothermal radiometric imaging (PRI). In PRI, also called dynamic infrared scanning, a surface is scanned with a spot of heat. Imperfections are detected by radiometrically sensing changes in the surface temperature of a small area in the vicinity of this spot. In the work described, cracks narrower than 25 µm (0.001 in.) in a lightly rusted steel surface have been detected. Indiscrete scanning an amplitude modulated heating beam is moved in steps, remaining at each location long enough to measure amplitude and phase of the AC temperature. Incontinuous scanning a constant intensity heating beam is moved continuously while the temperature deviations are measured. This paper presents methods of calculating amplitude and phase of surface temperature for discrete scanning and instantaneous temperature for continuous scanning across a surface crack. For a steel surface scanned by a watt-level laser beam, predicted surface temperature deviations when crossing the crack are several degrees Celsius, with expected radiometrically detected power several orders of magnitude above the detector noise. In experiments performed, both techniques easily detected narrow cracks in a smooth, clean surface. Discolorations and pits, on the other hand, generate a disturbing type of surface noise. This noise was minimized by differential detection. Based on results obtained, continuously scanned PRI with a fan-type heating beam and array detection could become a viable way of mapping surface cracks at practical scanning speeds.     

含蓄热式电采暖的综合能源系统日前优化调度策略研究

以含蓄热式电采暖的综合能源系统日前优化调度运行问题为研究对象,分析了蓄热式电采暖系统运行的各种特点,建立了含蓄热式电采暖的综合能源系统运行优化调度模型。将某典型蓄热电采暖用户场景作为算例进行验证,结果表明通过对蓄热式电采暖运行情况进行优化,可以有效降低其对电网的负荷冲击,减小电网峰谷差,提升电采暖设备的使用效率,大幅降低用户采暖的运行费用。该方法可为蓄热式电采暖用户参与和电网互动、促进可再生能源消纳、提升采暖系统经济运行水平、降低电网峰谷差以及促进蓄热式电采暖系统推广等提供参考依据。     

汽车稳定杆组织与疲劳性能研究

对28Mn6钢制造的汽车稳定杆，分别采用整体感应加热-整体淬火、连续感应加热淬火两种不同工艺热处理，并进行了台架疲劳寿命试验。采用光镜分析了不同稳定杆的金相组织，用扫描电镜分析了早期疲劳断裂的稳定杆断口形貌。结果表明，获得细小的高韧性索氏体组织是保证良好疲劳寿命的关键，稳定杆喷丸表面质量、游离铁素体也是影响疲劳性能的重要因素。     

弧焊电源的焊接电流、负载持续率和发热试验

详细分析了弧焊电源不同负载持续率下的焊接电流折算关系、发热试验电源热时间常数的测定。对发热试验中容易被忽视、但会造成较大的系统误差的问题提出了注意点和相应的解决办法。     

等速升温流态化下CaO/生物质焦的SO2/NO联合脱除特性

燃煤锅炉污染物超低排放标准对电厂脱硫和脱硝系统提出了更高的要求。CaO作为脱硫剂可以实现循环流化床锅炉烟气中SO₂的高效脱除,焦炭作为还原剂直接还原NO,同时CaO的存在对焦炭还原NO起催化作用,可以实现燃煤烟气中SO₂/NO的联合脱除。为了探究连续温度变化对CaO/生物质焦联合脱硫脱硝性能的影响,在钙循环捕集CO₂技术背景下,研究了等速升温流态化下CaO/生物质焦的SO₂/NO联合脱除特性。探究了烟气中O₂和CO₂对CaO/椰壳焦脱除SO₂/NO的影响。结果表明,O₂通过对椰壳焦表面碳原子的活化作用降低了异相还原NO温度,在300~950℃等速升温过程中CaO/椰壳焦的NO脱除效率逐渐增加,780℃以上能实现100%脱硝。O₂也提高了CaO/椰壳焦的脱硫效率。CO₂与CaO的碳酸化反应以及与椰壳焦的气化反应对同时脱除SO₂/NO有明显抑制作用。O₂和CO₂共同作用下,在500~800℃内CaO/椰壳焦的脱硝效率随温度升高而增加,脱硫效率先降低后升高。NO促进了CaO/椰壳焦脱除SO₂,而SO₂对脱硝有抑制作用。800℃时CaO/椰壳焦同时脱除SO₂和NO的效率分别为97.7%和93.9%。     

碳含量对430不锈钢组织的影响

应用热模拟试验方法,分析了C含量分别为0.029%和0.100%的两种铁素体不锈钢SUS430在加热到1150-1250℃的组织变化。通过热模拟试验发现,碳含量较高的430H试样,在较低温度（1150℃）下加热时会进入两相区;而碳含量较低的430L试样即便在较高温度（1250℃）下加热时不会进入两相区,保持单相的铁素体组织。在碳含量控制较低的情况下,加热温度和保温时间对晶粒尺寸的影响都在正常范围之内,但保温时间不宜太长,模拟试验中以10 min为宜,可以根据能耗和效率以及后续加工的要求进行选择。     

升温率和应变率对30CrMnSi拉伸强度的影响

报道了硬度ＨＲＣ为２０和４０的两种３０ＣｒＭｎＳｉ材料在１００－９００℃的力学性能及升温率，应变率和热处理条件对抗拉强度，屈服强度的影响。在低温区，材料性能随温度的升高，呈现缓慢下降，其数值与常温相差不多，热处理状态对该区影响甚大，升温率有一定影响；在高温区，材料强度大大降低，其数值随温度变化不大，不同升温速率的影响及热处理状态影响消失；在中温区，材料性能随温度升高呈现快速下降趋势，热处理状态对材     

汽车半轴的热挤压成形工艺

介绍了汽车半轴的热挤压成形新工艺及模具设计要点.     

Performances of electrically heated microgroove vaporizers

An electrically heated microgroove vaporizer was proposed. The vaporizer mainly comprised an outer tube, an inner tube and an electrical heater cartridge. Microgrooves were fabricated on the external surface of the inner tube by micro-cutting method, which formed the flow passage for fluid between the external surface of the inner tube and the internal surface of the outer tube. Experiments related to the temperature rise response of water and the thermal conversion efficiency of vaporizer were done to estimate the influences of microgroove＇s direction, feed flow rate and input voltage on the performances of the vaporizer. The results indicate that the microgroove＇s direction dominates the vaporizer performance at a lower input voltage. The longitudinal microgroove vaporizer exhibits the best performances for the temperature rise response of water and thermal conversion efficiency of vaporizer. For a moderate input voltage, the microgroove＇s direction and the feed flow rate of water together govern the vaporizer performances. The input voltage becomes the key influencing factor when the vaporizer works at a high input voltage, resulting in the similar performances of longitudinal, oblique and latitudinal microgroove vaporizers.