应力作用下高分子材料的老化行为研究

从微观角度综述了应力影响高分子材料老化性能的现象,提出了应力引发材料老化的特殊性,并分析了其产生的原因,总结了应力引发材料老化的机理,讨论了应力与其他因素相结合对材料老化的影响,展望了其研究方向。     

居家养老下老旧住宅空间设施适老化设计研究

为老年人营造更为安全、舒适的居住环境.以老旧住宅为研究基础,分析其在独居老人居家养老方面存在的问题以及老年人在衰老过程中自身的变化和居住诉求.提出提高老年人生活质量的原则和策略,对生活在老旧住宅中的老人室内空间设施进行适老化改造设计.该研究一方面有助于老年人的生活品质,另一方面可以推动社会和谐、可持续发展.     

火力发电新技术发展

采用手工钨极氩弧焊(manual-gas tungsten arc welding, M-GTAW)和ERNiCr-3焊丝制备了SP2215小径管焊接接头,分析了650 ℃时效不同时间后接头的微观组织、力学性能及拉伸断裂机理. 结果表明：焊态下SP2215母材组织由奥氏体和少量孪晶及一次NbN和Z相组成,焊缝金属以完全奥氏体组织凝固形成柱状晶,Nb元素在枝晶间偏析并形成呈链状分布的一次NbC相;时效50 h后SP2215母材奥氏体晶界处开始析出M₂₃C₆,并随时效时间延长逐渐粗化,同时焊缝枝晶间逐渐析出NbC相,并随时效时间延长逐渐形成团簇状;母材和焊缝显微硬度均随时效时间延长而升高,均在时效500 h时达到最大值且母材硬度始终高于焊缝硬度;不同时效时间接头室温拉伸时均以韧性方式在焊缝处断裂,但起裂位置和断裂方向随时效时间的延长发生改变,时效0 ~ 114 h时以横向拉断柱状晶的方式断裂,起裂位置为枝晶间一次NbC粒子,时效时间为500 ~ 2012 h时以平行于柱状晶方向断裂,起裂位置为枝晶核心;650 ℃高温拉伸时接头断裂位置随时效时间延长逐渐从焊缝向SP2215侧转变,时效0 ~ 114 h时以韧性方式在焊缝处断裂,时效2012 h时以准解理方式在SP2215侧断裂.     

猕猴桃白酒陈酿期间香气成分变化分析

以猕猴桃为原料,经过发酵、两次蒸馏制得猕猴桃白酒,利用顶空固相微萃取法与气相质谱联用技术（HS-SPME-GC-MS）,对陈酿期间各个时期（一、二、四、七、十一个月）的猕猴桃白酒的香气成分进行分析。结果表明:猕猴桃白酒陈酿期间,共检出有香气物质为129种,酯类、缩醛类总体呈下降趋势,醇类、酸类、醛酮类及萜烯类呈上升趋势。猕猴桃白酒经陈酿后,香气成分经历了平衡、稳定及成熟的微妙动态变化,使酒体变得更加细腻、柔和、醇厚、丰满、典型性突出。      

双相不锈钢热老化前后拉伸变形行为的电子背散射衍射表征

通过电子背散射衍射实验分析方法,研究变形量和热老化因素对双相不锈钢的拉伸性能、相边界、局部应变分布、重位点阵特殊晶界和取向分布的影响.研究结果表明:热老化后,双相不锈钢的强度提高,韧性降低;在大变形条件下铁素体晶粒内小角度晶界的数量和密度略有增加;热老化材料的铁素体的塑性变形和局部应变能力下降,大变形破坏初始奥氏体和铁素体以及Σ3孪晶边界的分布.     

GH720Li合金长期时效过程中γ'相演变规律

研究GH720Li合金经标准热处理（1105℃,4 h→油冷＋650℃,24 h→空冷＋760℃,16 h→空冷）后分别在720℃时效0~5000 h和800℃时效0~1000 h后γ!强化相的演变规律.合金在720℃,5000 h时效后一次γ＇相的尺寸、形态以及数量基本不发生变化;在720℃,200 h时效后,二次γ＇相发生明显粗化;500 h后出现不均匀长大.相应地,500 h前硬度下降速率大,500 h后趋于平稳.在800℃,500 h时效后,一次γ＇相发生粗化;800℃,100 h时效后,二次γ＇相发生明显粗化且不均匀长大.500 h前硬度下降斜率很大,500 h后硬度仍有明显下降趋势.720℃及800℃时二次γ＇相粗化行为是以扩散控制的粗化机制为主导.γ＇相平均半径与时效时间满足立方根关系,符合L-S-W（Lifshiz-Slyozov-Wanger）理论.     

Advances in Human Mitochondria-Based Therapies

Mitochondria are the key biological generators of eukaryotic cells, controlling the energy supply while providing many important biosynthetic intermediates. Mitochondria act as a dynamic, functionally and structurally interconnected network hub closely integrated with other cellular compartments via biomembrane systems, transmitting biological information by shuttling between cells and tissues. Defects and dysregulation of mitochondrial functions are critically involved in pathological mechanisms contributing to aging, cancer, inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, and other severe human diseases. Mediating and rejuvenating the mitochondria may therefore be of significant benefit to prevent, reverse, and even treat such pathological conditions in patients. The goal of this review is to present the most advanced strategies using mitochondria to manage such disorders and to further explore innovative approaches in the field of human mitochondria-based therapies.     

橡木桶陈酿处理对沙田柚蒸馏酒挥发性风味成分的影响

采用主成分分析方法对沙田柚蒸馏酒在橡木桶陈酿期间的挥发性风味成分进行了系统的分析。结果表明,陈酿期间柚子果酒色度、总酸和总酚含量显著增加（p<0.05）。沙田柚蒸馏酒在橡木桶陈酿过程中共分析检测到75个挥发性风味成分,其中酯类是沙田柚蒸馏酒最主要的挥发性风味成分,其次是醛类、醇类、酮类、酸类、萜烯类、酚类。沙田柚蒸馏酒在橡木桶陈酿期间,也产生了新的风味物质:乙酸、异丁酸乙酯、异戊酸乙酯、2-糠酸乙酯、丁二酸二乙酯、3-苯丙酸乙酯、茴香酸乙酯、5-甲基呋喃醛、邻异丙基甲苯、（E）-壬烯醛、trans-香芹醇、癸酸、佛术烯、新异长叶烯,赋予了沙田柚蒸馏酒新的口感与风格。      

How Can We Improve Vaccination Response in Old People? Part I: Targeting Immunosenescence of Innate Immunity Cells

Vaccination, being able to prevent millions of cases of infectious diseases around the world every year, is the most effective medical intervention ever introduced. However, immunosenescence makes vaccines less effective in providing protection to older people. Although most studies explain that this is mainly due to the immunosenescence of T and B cells, the immunosenescence of innate immunity can also be a significant contributing factor. Alterations in function, number, subset, and distribution of blood neutrophils, monocytes, and natural killer and dendritic cells are detected in aging, thus potentially reducing the efficacy of vaccines in older individuals. In this paper, we focus on the immunosenescence of the innate blood immune cells. We discuss possible strategies to counteract the immunosenescence of innate immunity in order to improve the response to vaccination. In particular, we focus on advances in understanding the role and the development of new adjuvants, such as TLR agonists, considered a promising strategy to increase vaccination efficiency in older individuals.     

Mechano-Transduction Boosts the Aging Effects in Human Erythrocytes Submitted to Mechanical Stimulation

Erythrocytes’ aging and mechano-transduction are fundamental cellular pathways that determine the red blood cells’ (RBCs) behavior and function. The aging pattern can be influenced, in morphological, biochemical, and metabolic terms by the environmental conditions. In this paper, we studied the effect of a moderate mechanical stimulation applied through external shaking during the RBCs aging and revealed a strong acceleration of the aging pattern induced by such stimulation. Moreover, we evaluated the behavior of the main cellular effectors and resources in the presence of drugs (diamide) or of specific inhibitors of the mechano-transduction (probenecid, carbenoxolone, and glibenclamide). This approach provided the first evidence of a direct cross-correlation between aging and mechano-transduction and permitted an evaluation of the overall metabolic regulation and of the insurgence of specific morphological features, such as micro-vesicles and roughness alterations. Overall, for the first time the present data provided a schematic to understand the integration of distinct complex patterns in a comprehensive view of the cell and of its interactions with the environment. Mechano-transduction produces structural effects that are correlated with the stimulation and the strength of the environmental stimulation is paramount to effectively activate and trigger the biological cascades initiated by the mechano-sensing.