A three-dimensional (3D), two-phase, isothermal model of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) was employed to investigate effects of electron transport through the backing layer and the land in bipolar plates. It was found that the electronic resistance of the backing layer, affected by backing layer electronic conductivity, backing layer thickness and flow channel width, played a relatively important role in determining the current density distribution and cell performance. In order to ignore the electron transport effect on the average current density, the minimum electronic conductivity of the backing layer has to be 1000 S m−1, with the relative error in the average current density less than 5%, under the given conditions. 相似文献
The feasibility of a new alloy design concept utilizing the principle of ‘tungsten bronze effect’ is critically evaluated for the development of metallic bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). An austenitic stainless steel (ASS) is modified with W and La to improve the stability of the passive film in an acidic environment as well as to reduce the contact resistance by the tungsten bronze effect. The experimental ASS containing W and La was evaluated in a simulated PEMFC environment of H3PO4 and H2SO4 solutions at 80 °C, and the electrical property was evaluated by performing a contact resistance test. The test results show that the ASS modified with W and La has good passive film stability for corrosion resistance and low contact resistance. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis clearly suggests the possibility of the tungsten bronze effect from the change in valency state of W6+ to W5+ in the passive film formed on the modified ASS. The feasibility of a new alloy design concept utilizing the ‘tungsten bronze effect’ is well demonstrated; however, more study is highly required for the development of metallic bipolar plates of PEMFC. 相似文献
The cockpit environment is changing rapidly. New technology allows airborne computerised information, flight automation and data transfer with the ground. By 1995, not only will the pilot's task have changed, but also the tools for doing that task. To provide knowledge and direction for these changes, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Lockheed-Georgia Company have completed three identical Advanced Concepts Flight Simulation Facilities.
Many advanced features have been incorporated into the simulators — e g, cathode ray tube (CRT) displays of flight and systems information operated via touch-screen or voice, print-outs of clearances, cockpit traffic displays, current databases containing navigational charts, weather and flight plan information, and fuel-efficient autopilot control from take-off to touchdown. More importantly, this cockpit is a versatile test bed for studying displays, controls, procedures and crew management in a full-mission context. The facility also has an air traffic control simulation, with radio and data communications, and an outside visual scene with variable weather conditions. These provide a veridical flight environment to evaluate accurately advanced concepts in flight stations. 相似文献
This work addresses the fabrication of membrane-type solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) operating at medium temperatures, where
all components are fabricated by plasma spray technology, and the evaluation of the performance of the SOFC single unit in
a temperature range of 500 to 800 °C. Single cells composed of LaSrMgO3 cathodes, LaSrGaMgO3 (LSGM) electrolytes, and Ni/yttria-stabilized zirconia anodes were fabricated in successive atmospheric plasma-spraying processes.
Plasma-spraying processes have been optimized and tailored to each layer to achieve highly porous cathode and anode layers
as well as high-density electrolyte layers. A major effort has been devoted to the production of the LSGM electrolyte that
has a high density and is free of cracks. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to investigate the conductivity
of the electrode layers, and particularly the resistance of the electrolyte layer. It revealed that the heat treatment had
a great influence on the specific conductivity of the sprayed electrolyte layers and that the specific conductivity of the
heat-treated layers was dramatically increased to the same magnitude as is typical for sintered LSGM pellets. The experimental
results have demonstrated that the plasma-spraying process has a great potential for the integrated fabrication of medium-temperature
SOFC units.
The original version of this article was published as part of the ASM Proceedings, Thermal Spray 2003: Advancing the Science and Applying the Technology, International Thermal Spray Conference (Orlando, FL), May 5–8, 2003, Basil R. Marple and Christian Moreau, Ed., ASM International,
2003. 相似文献