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151.
Polyurethanes were prepared from pure 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), 1,4-butane diol (BDO) or 1,2-ethane diol (EDO) and α,ω-hydroxyl poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) by reaction injection moulding (RIM). Hard segment (MDI + BDO or EDO) level was 45–50 wt%. The PPO had about 20% ethylene oxide copolymerized in at the chain ends to provide 80% primary OH end groups. Mn was varied from 2000 to 4000. Dibutyl tin dilaurate catalyst and mould temperature were varied. Dynamic mechanical, wide-angle X-ray, differential scanning calorimeter, molecular weight and tensile elongation measurements were made on the RIM polyurethanes. At low reaction rates (low catalyst or temperature) highly crystalline, well phase separated but low molecular weight polymers were produced. At high catalyst or temperature levels more poorly phase separated but high molecular weight, tough polymers resulted. Higher Mn PPO gave better phase separation and EDO gave higher melting temperatures. Preventing hard segment crystallinity by substituting asymmetric MDI or glycols resulted in phase compatibility. 相似文献
152.
153.
用于铜的化学机械抛光液的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
文中介绍了一种以碱性抛光液对铜进行全局平面化的方法 ,讨论了以 Si O2 水溶胶为磨料的抛光液在Cu-CMP过程中的化学 (络合 )作用及反应机理 ,并给出了抛光液的配比及上机实验结果。结果表明 :该抛光液用于对带有阻挡层和介质层的铜抛光 ,达到了对铜层的高去除速率和高选择比 ,取得了较好的全局平面化效果 相似文献
154.
Calcining of the mixture of BaCO3 and TiO2 with a ratio 1:4 at different temperatures was carried out to synthesize BaTi4O9 powders. Phase evolution of the samples was studied using the differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffractometry
(XRD). Both techniques confirmed that the formation of BaTi4O9 started around 1000 °C. The XRD peaks showed that BaTi4O9 was most pronounced at 1250 °C. X-ray line broadening methods were employed to study the variation of particle size and microstrain
of the BaTi4O9 powders. The Voigt function in a single line and the pseudo-Voigt function in the variance methods were used in our case.
We found that both functions resulted in the same trends, i.e., the particle size increased with the temperature with the
biggest size of 180 and 160 nm, whilst the microstrain yielded the opposite trend with the lowest values of 6.2 × 10–3 and 1.1 × 10–3. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study revealed the size of the large particles formed, due to agglomeration, to be
about 0.5–1.9 μm. Furthermore, it was shown that irregular shapes of BaTi4O9 powders necked to each other appeared at 1000 °C and grew into ellipse and rod shapes at 1250 °C.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
155.
8-R-9苄基-9H-嘌呤衍生物的合成研究 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
采用 (Ph3 P) 2 PdCl2 为催化剂 ,DMF为溶剂 ,对 8 碘 9 苄基 9H 嘌呤与有机锡试剂RSnBu3 (R=乙烯基、2 噻吩基、2 呋喃基、苯乙炔基和苯基等 )之间的Stille偶合反应进行了研究 ,合成出了5种 8位取代的嘌呤衍生物。在反应温度为 80℃ ,n(8 碘 9 苄基 9H 嘌呤 )∶n (RSnBu3 )∶n〔(Ph3 P) 2 PdCl2 〕 =1 0∶1 2∶0 0 5的较佳工艺条件下 ,产品收率 4 1%~ 91%。用1H NMR、13 C NMR和MS对产物进行了表征 相似文献
156.
Studies on Catalytic Side-Chain Oxidation of Nitroaromatics to Aldehydes with Oxygen 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The side-chain oxidation of 2-nitrotoluene in liquid phase in the presence of catalytic amount of manganese sulfate and stoichiometric amount of potassium hydroxide with oxygen was studied. In the most favorable conditions, over 80% of conversion of 2-nitrotoluene and 50% of selectivity to 2-nitrobenzaldehyde was achieved. Effects of the reaction parameters on the conversion of the reactant and the selectivity of the product were examined. These results, together with EPR spectroscopic study, show that a benzyl anion was formed in the early stage of the reaction, which was then converted to the final product via a free radical mechanism. 相似文献
157.
通过对反击式粉碎机粉尘产生的原因进行分析,引入非均相物系重力沉降分离原理,设计了大同煤预粉碎工程的除尘装置,取得了良好的使用效果. 相似文献
158.
Emaeyak N Ukpong C S Odoemena G Ekpo 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》1994,64(4):449-453
Aspergillus niger (strain UUF9202) significantly reduced the dormancy period and boosted aggregate germination percentage (AGP) in seeds of Tetrapleura tetraptera. A net reduction in mean germination time (MGT) to 12 days and an increase from 0 to 42% AGP were obtained in 32 days. The optimal spore inoculum of the fungus was 8.5 × 10≥10 ml?1 per 100 seeds in 96 h pregermination incubation. The potential of some physical factors in combination with this fungal concentration in enhancing AGP was evaluated. The treatments were as follows: (i) hot water scarification at 30°C, 50°C, 80°C and 100°C plus A niger; and (ii) nicking by decoating at either the micropylar or chalazal ends plus A niger. Micropylar scarification plus A niger gave the highest AGP (94%) followed by chalazal scarification plus A niger (86%) and hot water dip at 80°C + A niger (82%). The control seeds which were soaked in presterilised (by autoclaving at 121°C for 15 min) A niger spore suspension at 30°C gave zero germination. 相似文献
159.
用于重离子核反应实验测量的纵向电场气体电离室 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文报道了一种新型的大动态范围,多叠层探测器系统组件之一的纵向电场气体电离室的构造,性能和在中能得离子核反应实验中的应用。 相似文献
160.
The interaction of alkali metal with surfaces has been of great interest to the community of catalysis since alkali metal can play an important role as a promoter. On alkali-doped MoS2, such a promotion effect of alkali metal has been exemplified in the direct synthesis of linear alcohols from CO and H2, where the alkali-doping switches the catalyst selectivity from methanation to alcohol synthesis. This paper reviews recent high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments that have provided direct
observation of electron transfer from alkali metals to a model single crystal MoS2 and the capture of the supra-valence electrons in the subsequent oxidation reactions. 相似文献