Value creation dynamics in a project alliance

Project alliance requires all parties to work together in good faith, share project risks, and make unanimous decisions for the betterment of the project. A key feature of successful implementation of a project alliance is a focus on value creation and value for money. This paper proposes a qualitative system dynamics model to specify and explain dynamics of value creation processes in the context of project alliance. By synthesizing the existing literature and reports on project alliancing, this paper identifies four processes that have a strong influence on the value created in the project alliance context: work progression, rework, redesign and innovation, and rescheduling. In addition, we show how these value creation processes are interrelated and evolve over time. The effectiveness of these processes is influenced by the capability and motivation of the project alliance partners to discover works that do not fully utilize the available resources, and make quick decisions to capture these benefits.     

组织间信任视角下机会主义对项目联盟绩效的影响

为了缓解传统项目管理模式中各参与方的零和博弈行为和竞争对抗关系,组织间建立项目联盟已成为一种可行的管理模式,但由于联盟成员之间信任缺乏和机会主义问题的存在,其成功率仍然较低。基于组织间信任理论和交易成本理论,分析了组织间信任对机会主义和项目联盟绩效的影响。采用 SPSS 23.0 和 AMOS 21.0 软件对问卷数据进行了处理和分析,实证研究的结果表明,组织间信任能够提高项目绩效和联盟成员合作满意度,而机会主义则会负向影响项目联盟绩效。同时,适度的组织间信任能够在一定程度上抑制机会主义,而过高或过低都会使联盟成员处于机会主义的风险之中,即组织间信任和机会主义呈倒 U 型关系。该研究为提高项目联盟绩效提供了一定理论借鉴与参考。     

基于协同网络信息的房地产开发联盟成员选择研究

房地产开发联盟是进行房地产开发的有效联合,何种类型企业间的联合才能达到强强联合的效果,这是值得关注的。文章利用协同网络信息的多指标决策方法对房地产开发联盟的可能参与伙伴,进行了优选排序;采用模糊数对语言变量进行处理,对可能参与伙伴的个体和协同信息进行综合处理,从而选出最佳的开发联盟成员。     

Developing and evaluating a framework for process improvement in an alliance project: a New Zealand case study

‘Lean thinking’ holds out the promise of dramatic improvements in construction production processes, especially in waste minimization. While there exist empirical studies of ‘leanness’ with regard to non-relational-type projects, there is a need to analyse its applicability in relational contexts, such as an alliance. The application of ‘lean’ to a project alliance in a viaduct replacement in New Zealand is investigated here. The primary objective is to define a framework to streamline improvements in processes and to verify the applicability of the defined framework to a real construction alliance project. Participant observations, project documentation and action research meetings were used to collect data on the waste identification and elimination processes. The findings indicate that the construction work in a project alliance can be improved considerably by eliminating or reducing waste. Moreover, the savings are substantial, as the processes investigated were cyclic and repetitive. This framework is equally suited to waste detection and improvements at the site level. Project organizations should detect needs and opportunities for process change and transform processes accordingly. The current lack of any waste elimination technique, which could provide a significant competitive advantage for industry participants, has been established. Organizational conditions exist in project alliances that help to disseminate and sustain the lean concept.     

选择标准化联盟合作伙伴影响因素分析

自上世纪90年代以来,行业中一些处于领先地位的企业逐渐意识到标准在竞争中的重要作用,纷纷通过组建标准化联盟方式提高企业竞争能力,获取了较大利润。然而在构建联盟过程中,联盟合作伙伴的选择这个关键环节最为薄弱。本文在分析标准化联盟内涵基础之上,通过比较、调研的方法提出了影响合作伙伴选择的六大因素并做出了具体的分析,以供标准化联盟合作伙伴的选择研究者和实践者参考。     

动态联盟合作伙伴评价方法的动态重构模型

基于方法相容的思想,提出了一个评价方法的动态重构模型,使其根据评价对象的不同,动态选择最优的评价方法或相容方法组合,来实现不同项目环境下的联盟伙伴选择评价;详细描述该评价方法优化模型的建立,并结合案例分析证明该评价模型的有效性.     

“盟主-成员”型战略联盟激励机制设计

研究了"盟主-成员"型战略联盟中,通过利润分配和技术分享相结合的方式.激励成员企业放弃隐藏信息行为.研究发现,盟主企业应给予成员企业相同的技术分享比例,且技术分享比例随着成员企业间能力大小的差距的增大而减小;同时给予能力较大的成员企业更多的利润分配比例,以促使成员企业在自利行为驱使下真实显示自己的私人信息,促进联盟成功.     

生物制药产业现状分析及我国企业的发展战略

2003-2004年生物技术产业普遍的复苏给我国生物制药企业带来前所未有的机遇和广阔的市场前景.通过中外生物制药企业的对比分析发现,我国企业在自主创新、资金融集、规范管理等各方面与国际水平均存在一定差距.国外制药企业将会在产品研制、专利申请、药品生产以及销售流通等环节对并不强大的中国生物制药业造成冲击.建议我国企业应当明确发展战略,加大研发投入,实现创新、模仿并举;拓宽融资渠道,有效融合金融资本与生物制药技术;积极实施标准化管理;寻求战略合作,从而增强技术优势,降低市场风险,创造更高价值.     

企业绿色包装技术创新的联盟之路

文中结合我国包装企业现状,提出依靠技术联盟,是企业实现绿色包装技术创新的最佳选择,并具体讨论了实施技术联盟的基本形式及基本措施.     

Cultural difference and the therapeutic alliance: An evidence-based analysis.

The research on positive psychotherapy outcome consistently indicates that the quality of the alliance is important across different models of psychotherapy (D. E. Orlinsky, M. H. Ronnestad, & U. Willutzki, 2004; B. E. Wampold, 2000). Social psychological research has documented how "unintentional bias" can produce barriers to university admissions, employment, and advancement of well-qualified members of ethnic minority groups (J. F. Dovidio, S. L. Gaertner, K. Kawakami, & G. Hodson, 2002). Neuroscience is further confirming social psychological responses associated with race (J. L. Eberhard, 2005). Unintentional bias identified in social psychological research may be part of the psychotherapist/client interaction, interfere with the therapeutic alliance, and partly account for the high dropout rates and underutilization of psychotherapeutic services by people of color. The purpose of this article is to provide an evidence-based analysis of how psychologists in practice may unintentionally interfere with development of quality alliances with culturally different clients or patients and thus contribute to the barriers to effective multicultural counseling and psychotherapy. Principles from the American Psychological Association's (2003) multicultural guidelines and a review of relevant research are applied in suggesting strategies to reduce bias and to develop culturally appropriate skills in psychological practices. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)