Design of high-speed two-stage cascode-compensated operational amplifiers based on settling time and open-loop parameters

Settling behavior of operational amplifiers is of great importance in many applications. In this paper, an efficient methodology for the design of high-speed two-stage operational amplifiers based on settling time is proposed. Concerning the application of the operational amplifier, it specifies proper open-loop circuit parameters to obtain the desired settling time and closed-loop stability. As the effect of transfer function zeros has been taken into account, the proposed methodology becomes more accurate in achieving the desired specifications. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the methodology.     

Co-existing of dressed non-linear gain and electromagnetically induced absorption

The dressed parametric four-wave mixing (FWM) process has been investigated in hot atomic rubidium vapor. We use a strong pumping field to generate entangled photon pairs of spontaneous parametric FWM (SP-FWM) which can be enhanced by an external dressing effect. Seeding probe beam into the Stokes or anti-Stokes (SP-FWM) channel will form the parametric amplified FWM (PA-FWM) process, then the non-linear gain and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) are observed, caused by the internal dressing effect. However, with scanning of pumping field the absorbing background will vanish, which will result in drastic increase in PA-FWM signal gain.     

A straightforward design technique for narrowband multi‐stage low‐noise amplifiers with I/O conjugate match

Low‐noise amplifier (LNA) designers often struggle to simultaneously satisfy gain, noise, stability, and I/O matching requirements. In this article, a novel design technique, tailored for two‐stage low‐noise amplifiers, is presented. The proposed design method is completely deterministic and exploits inductive source degeneration to obtain a two‐stage LNA featuring perfect input and output match together with low noise figure (NF) and a pre‐determined gain, including stability analysis. A novel flowchart is provided together with the corresponding design chart that contains gain, matching, and stability information, therefore addressing all key figures‐of‐merit of a linear amplifier. The design chart is easily implementable in commercial Electronic Design Automation software, to aid designers in the difficult task of selecting the appropriate source degeneration inductor value. The noise performance, on the other hand, is the best possible since the matching networks are designed to provide the input of the two Field Effect Transistors with the optimum termination for noise. The design method is validated with two separate test vehicles operating respectively at Ka‐band (26.5‐31.5 GHz) and K‐band (20.0‐24.0 GHz). The realized Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits exhibit 18 dB gain for both versions, NF of 1.5 and 1.2 dB, respectively for the Ka‐band and K‐band version. Input and output matching are typically better than 12 and 15 dB.     

A 5-MHz bandwidth 78.1-dB SNDR 2-2 MASH delta-sigma modulator

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a 4-bit, 2–2 multi-stage noise shaping (MASH) delta-sigma modulator (DSM) fabricated using a 0.18 µm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. The DSM was designed using a cascade-of-integrators with a feedforward (CIFF) structure. The first integrator was designed to reduce the loading effect of the system’s front-end circuit using a switched-resistor integrator instead of the conventional switched-capacitor method. The CIFF structure requires an active adder, which is generally implemented with a high-bandwidth high-swing amplifier. In this paper, the active adder is eliminated and an adder-less integrator is implemented in the MASH DSM. The DSM prototype has an over-sampling ratio (OSR) of 16 and a 160 MHz sampling frequency. The prototype’s measured signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is 82.4 dB and the signal-to-noise-plus-distortion ratio (SNDR) is 78.1 dB for a signal bandwidth of 5 MHz. The measured total power consumption is 26 mW at a 1.8 V supply voltage, and the chip core size is 0.67 mm². The energy required per conversion step is 0.4 pJ/conv.     

Digital predistorter with improving index accuracy of lookup table based on FPGA

In this paper, a method of function approximation for improving index accuracy of the lookup table (LUT) of digital predistortion (DPD) is proposed to obtain more accurate linearization. The algorithm utilizes approximation of the LUT with the method of Taylor Series. The power values of forward signals are divided into integers and decimals, and the corresponding LUTs are indexed respectively. The index predistortion values of forward signals are approximated by Taylor series, which improves the index accuracy of LUT significantly. Experiment shows that the performance of a DPD system is improved.     

探测大气压力的差分吸收激光雷达的一种光发射机

介绍了一种氧气A带差分吸收激光雷达发射机,试图用于大气压力探测实验.该激光发射机是基于种子注入的光参量振荡器和光参量放大器的结构.作为从振荡器,采用一个环形腔KTP光参量振荡器.作为注入种子的主振荡器,即一个连续波外腔调谐二极管激光器.该连续波外腔调谐二极管激光器,由高精度的波长计构成的一个PID(Proportional-Integral-Derivative)伺服控制环,稳定其工作波长.向光参量振荡器的谐振腔注入连续波的种子激光,通过"Ramp-Hold-Fire"技术,锁定OPO(Optical Parametric Oscillator)谐振腔的腔长.该激光发射机具有高的光频率稳定性(30 MHz/rms)、窄的线宽(傅立叶转换限)、高的脉冲能量(≥45 mJ)等性能,能够在工作期间保持稳定.发射机系统以单纵模式工作,使得差分吸收激光雷达对后向散射光信号的窄带探测成为可能.因而此类系统具有精确探测大气压力的发展潜力.     

Adaptive Digital Predistortion Schemes to Linearize RF Power Amplifiers with Memory Effects

To compensate for nonlinear distortion introduced by RF power amplifiers(PAs)with memory effects,two correlated models,namely an extended memory polynomial(EMP)model and a memory lookup table(LUT)model,are proposed for predistorter design.Two adaptive digital predistortion(ADPD)schemes with indirect learning architecture are presented.One adopts the EMP model and the recursive least square(RLS)algorithm,and the other utilizes the memory LUT model and the least mean square(LMS)algorithm.Simulation results demonstrate that the EMP-based ADPD yields the best linearization performance in terms of suppressing spectral regrowth.It is also shown that the ADPD based on memory LUT makes optimum tradeoff between performance and computational complexity.     

基于功放效率的OFDM信号幅度的最佳分布——峰均比抑制

星座图扩展（ACE）技术可以无损地降低OFDM信号的峰均比,本文的论述指出仅追求低峰均比对应的功放效率和效能并不是最好.笔者提出了OFDM信号的最佳互补累积分布函数（OCCDF）峰均比抑制方法,即考虑OFDM信号的幅度分布及出现概率,整体地评估其对放大器失真的影响,以OFDM信号放大器的效率为评估峰均比优劣的标准,在算法上以限定MER条件下得到尽可能低的功放输入功率回退（IBO）为迭代收敛目标,预见了应该存在最高功放效率意义匹配的所谓OFDM信号的最佳幅度分布.实验证实：相比原始OFDM系统,在放大基于OCCDF准则优化后的OFDM信号时,放大器获得了3.15dB的IBO性能改善,对比同等条件下单载波系统仅差0.05dB.     

Implementing polarization shift keying over satellite – system design and measurement results

Polarization shift keying (PolSK) is a digital modulation technique using the state of polarization of an electromagnetic wave as the signalling quantity. PolSK comes from fibre communications, where the channel offers two orthogonal states of polarization. This article develops on the idea to adapt this technology to satellite communications, where similar channel conditions exist. For this purpose, a digital PolSK modem was implemented on a programmable logic board. A proposal for constellation design as well as thoughts on synchronization of PolSK over satellite is presented. The modem was used to demonstrate a 16‐state Polarization Shift Keying link over a commercial satellite in K_u band. Measurements have been conducted in a back‐to‐back setup on intermediate frequency and on a K_u band transponder simulator to assess the impact of path‐length differences, carrier recovery and non‐linearity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.