温度效应造成的半球谐振陀螺振幅和测角误差因素分析

在半球谐振陀螺工作的过程中,环境温度的变化是不可避免的。温度的变化影响谐振子尺寸变化,导致陀螺产生热漂移。根据振幅检测原理,推导温度效应误差的数学表达式,分析它对测量结果的影响,这对选择合适的补偿算法以消除温度效应误差有一定的指导意义。     

运用特征点匹配的柱面全景图像快速拼接算法

针对大幅面图像的拼接问题,提出了一种新的基于特征点的柱面全景图像快速拼接算法。该算法在Harris角检测算法提取特征点的基础之上,针对传统RANSAC（random sampling consensus）算法在提纯匹配点时计算极其复杂,难以实现快速拼接的问题,设计了专门的聚类预筛选的方法进行图像特征点的预匹配,显著提高了特征点匹配的效率;在图像融合部分提出了最佳路径与HSI颜色空间的亮度权重函数相结合的算法,既有效消除了拼接图像中的鬼影现象,又使拼接图像达到了平滑融合效果。实验结果表明,该算法具有匹配精度高、鲁棒性强、计算效率高的特点。     

The Holy Alignment: Geodesic and Astronomical Fundamentals for Calculating the Adjustment of Medieval Naves

It is commonly believed that the longitudinal axes of churches extend exactly in an east-west direction. However, thorough investigations have shown that this is not always correct; rather, both southern and northern deviations of up to about 25° can occur. The angular deviation between the church axis and true east is called the Holy Alignment. This present study presents the possibility that the nave is oriented towards the direction of the sun-rising point on the name day of the patron saint of the church. If several saints share the patronage, the Holy Alignment equals the algebraic sum of the angular distances for each saint. The orientation of a nave can be analyzed by means of common mathematical relations used in geodesy, astronomy and gnomonics. In order to perform such an analysis, it is necessary to know the history of the patronage of the church; the Gauss-Krüger coordinates of the ground plan; and characteristic astronomical quantities at the time the church was built. A calculated example with the saints Andrew, James and Philip for the year 980 illustrates the analysis. An appendix deals with the influence of atmospheric refraction on the apparent altitude of the sun near the horizon.     

Robust reversible image watermarking scheme based on spread spectrum

Robust reversible watermarking can provide robustness against various attacks besides the ability to recover the cover image. However, robustness and reversibility are somewhat separate in many schemes. The original cover image cannot be recovered even if the watermarked image suffers from a tiny distortion. This paper presents a new robust reversible watermarking scheme by exploring the reversibility of spread-spectrum codes. Watermark bits are embedded by a suggested adaptive spread-spectrum code. The embedding amplitude used in the algorithms is determined by quantizing the source interference of the cover. The proposed scheme is robust to various attacks. Furthermore, since the embedding amplitude is available at the receiver, the original image can be recovered losslessly when there is no attack. Even in the presence of attacks, the original cover images can still be partially recovered. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme performs well on robustness and watermarked image quality, and provide extra reversibility that resists image distortions.     

秃鹰搜索算法的优化及图像分类应用

针对秃鹰搜索算法(BES)存在求解的稳定性差且准确性低, 鲁棒性差等缺点, 提出了一种基于秃鹰搜索算法的新型算法(NBES). 首先, 在BES算法的选择搜索空间阶段融合正余弦优化机制算法, 构建融合后的位置更新公式. 其次, 在BES算法的搜索空间猎物阶段加入惯性权重自适应位置更新策略. 最后, 在BES算法俯冲阶段融合萤火虫优化机制算法, 重新定义位置更新公式. 通过11个标准测试函数验证NBES算法性能, 实验表明, NBES算法寻优准确性、收敛速度、鲁棒性都优于BES算法. 为了验证新算法的实际应用价值, 利用NBES算法优化卷积神经网络(CNN)中的超参数学习率, 并将优化后的图像分类模型用于医学影像病理性分类预测, 实验表明, 经过优化的CNN模型分类精度提高9%.     

信息系统性能效率评估方法

针对当前信息系统性能效率评估模型简单、评估结果具有随机性和模糊性的问题,给出一种信息系统性能效率评估方法;分析并绘制信息系统性能效率执行框架图,构建评估指标,应用改进的功效系数法从多层级角度归一化评估指标的评分,基于权重间的对比性和冲突性,构建综合多位专家主观权重和客观权重的多权重组合赋权法,既克服单一专家的主观偏向性,又综合考量主客观权重优点,并采用云模型结合组合赋权权重以自然语言描述性能效率综合评估结果,克服综合评估的模糊性与随机性;最后,将该方法应用于某大型CRM信息系统,结果表明该CRM系统综合评估等级为适中性能,基本满足性能效率的要求,该结果与预案评审结果一致,验证了该方法在性能效率评估中的有效性和适用性。     

Crack propagation of pipeline steel exposed to a near-neutral pH environment under variable pressure fluctuations

This investigation attempts to understand the corrosion fatigue crack propagation behavior of pipeline steels exposed to near-neutral pH environments. The fatigue loading was designed to simulate the underload-type variable amplitude pressure fluctuations found during pipeline operation. The effects of amplitudes (R ratios) of underload and minor cycles were investigated. It has been found from this investigation that the crack growth rate is enhanced significantly through load interaction of the variable amplitude fatigue. The acceleration factor is found to be up to 2.7 and 5.3 for tests in air and in the near-neutral pH solution, respectively. The crack growth rate decreases with R ratios of underload and minor cycles for tests both in air and in near-neutral pH environments. The latter could enhance crack propagation by a factor of up to 11, as compared with the crack growth rate in air. The critical R ratio of minor cycles at which the minor cycles do not contribute to crack propagation through load interaction was determined to be as high as 0.982, which is much lower than the threshold determined by constant amplitude fatigue. This critical R ratio could be utilized to demarcate stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue, and should be incorporated as one of the design principles for components/structures subjected to variable amplitude cyclic loading.     

平面声场中四传声器阵列理论精度的对比分析

主要探讨了两种四传声器阵列的理论精度,针对相应的传声器布置形式进行数值计算,比较了正四面体和直角四面体传声器探头在不同工况下的幅值误差和方向误差。结果表明,在平面波作用下,1~4 k Hz范围内正四面体传声器的幅值误差小于直角四传声器,且两者均小于1 d B,外接球心位置的幅值精度在高频段优势明显;当频率小于5 k Hz时,方向误差均控制在2°以内,因此可以满足相关的建筑声学测试要求。     

基于液体静力称量法的纯水密度测量

分析了液体静力称量法测量密度的原理和体积测量中纯水密度的特性公式,推导了由己知密度的固体标准来测量液体密度的计算公式。利用固体密度基准量传装置,通过静力称量法为固体密度标准硅球赋值,其相对测量不确定度3×10^-6(k=2)。在20℃时利用高精度液体密度测量装置,通过静力称量法将固体标准(硅球)密度传递至纯水密度,与Tanaka模型比对,E_n值为0.059,比对结果等效。实验结果不仅验证了高精度液体密度测量装置,还验证了20℃纯水密度模型的理论值。