白腐菌-厌氧-好氧工艺处理造纸黑液研究

对白腐菌降解有机物的机理进行了探讨，研究了经驯化后的一株白腐菌处理造纸黑液的最佳工艺路线，白腐菌在最适培养条件(pH值6～7，温度25-29℃)下进行间歇式处理培养5d，出水再续以厌氧 好氧的处理工艺，在不同停留时间取得了相近的处理效果，COD去除率达70％以上。     

微波消解分光光度法测定水泥中的氧化镁

采用家用微波炉来消解普通硅酸盐水泥试样,在表面活性剂CTMAB存在下,研究了茜素红与镁离子的显色反应,在pH=9的氨-氯化铵缓冲介质中,茜素红与Mg(Ⅱ)生成了紫红色的配合物,其最大吸收波长为590 nm,Mg(Ⅱ)浓度在0.02～0.8(g·mL-1范国内呈线性关系,其线性方程为A=0.056 7 0.112 6C(C:μg·mL-1),相关系数为0.999 4;同时,还探讨了微波消解的最佳条件,并在最佳条件下,对水泥、熟料、生料中氧化镁的测定,获得比较满意的结果.     

Improved Anaerobic Process Efficiency Using Mesophilic and Thermophilic Elutriated Phased Treatment

An innovative anaerobic digestion elutriated phased treatment (ADEPT) has been evaluated at mesophilic (M-ADEPT) (35°C) and thermophilic (T-ADEPT) (55°C) temperatures in which the organic loading rate (OLR) was increased until reactor failure (pH<5.5). Single-stage continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) at both temperatures were also operated as controls (M-CSTR for 35°C and T-CSTR for 55°C). The T-CSTR failed at an OLR of 7.4 g volatile solid (VS)/L?day and the M-CSTR at an OLR of 10 g VS/L?day while the M-ADEPT continued until an OLR of 18 g VS/L?day and the T-ADEPT reached an OLR of 24 g VS/L?day before system failure. The T-CSTR produced the poorest effluent quality as manifested by high propionate concentrations (1,500–2,500 mg/L) while both M-ADEPT and T-ADEPT produced much better quality of effluent with propionate concentrations below 100 mg/L. Thus it appears that the T-ADEPT design may solve effluent quality problems associated with normally high propionate concentrations produced during thermophilic anaerobic digestion. Superior effluent quality, reduced reactor volume requirements, more stable methanogenesis due to the extended solids retention time, and uncoupling of the methanogen wasting from the refractory sludge wasting process resulted in stable and efficient processing at both temperatures for the innovative ADEPT design. Because the higher amounts of volatile fatty acids produced in the acid elutriation phase of the ADEPT system can be a favorable carbon source for biological nutrient removal in wastewater treatment plants, this positive aspect should be considered in future applications of the ADEPT system.     

Denitrifying phosphorous removal in anaerobic/anoxic SBR system with different startup operation mode

To achieve stable and efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal and to investigate the characteristics of the A/A SBR enriched with denitrifying phosphorus removal bacteria(DPB),the whole course of startup was studied with two reactors operated in different mode.The reactor I was operated under anaerobic/settling/anoxic/settling mode,and the reactor II was operated under anaerobic/anoxic/settling mode.Differences between the two reactors in removal efficiency of COD,nitrogen and phosphorus were examined.The results indicated that efficient performance could be achieved in both reactors with different startup operation mode,while the phosphorus removal efficiency was improved sooner in reactor I than in reactor II,which suggested that reactor I would supply a more favorable condition for DPB proliferation.Meanwhile,it was observed that the amount of organic substrates consumption had a linear correlation to that of phosphorus release in anaerobic phase when DPB was accumulated in the A/A SBR denitrifying phosphorus removal system.     

产甲烷菌的分离及其生长条件研究

采用亨盖特(Hungate)厌氧操作技术,以甲醇、甲酸盐和乙酸盐为碳源和能源滚管培养,从沼气发酵液中分离得到两种产甲烷菌.滚管中形成的菌落为不规则的圆形,不透明,白色和微黄色,在荧光显微镜下观察该菌落有蓝绿色荧光.此外,对不同pH值和温度对产甲烷菌生长的影响进行了初步研究,结果表明,该产甲烷菌的最适生长pH值为7.0,适应范围为6.5～8.0,最适生长温度为35℃,说明该产甲烷菌对pH值、温度的变化较为敏感,因此在培养过程中要保持环境的稳定.     

厌氧发酵工艺动力学分析与优化计算

本文通过对酶促反应动力学和微生物生长规律的分析,从理论上建立了产气的数学模型,并以此为目标函数在微型机上进行了非线性优化计算,为电子计算机进行沼气发酵工艺的定量分析和自动控制进行了有意义的探索和尝试。     

COD开管消解测定法的试验研究

COD作为水质监测中的重要指标,其测定方法有重铬酸钾法、恒温密封消解法等,但操作上都存在问题.本论文主要研究COD开管消解测定法.该方法以测定COD值的重铬酸钾标准法为基础,在复合催化剂存在的条件下,对具有确定COD理论值的系列邻苯二钾酸氢钾标准溶液进行开管消解--分光光度法比色定量溶液的COD值,以最小二乘法拟合得到不同适用范围的较准曲线,并以此较准曲线测定实际水样的COD值.本实验采用实验室内质量控制方法,对开管消解测定法的准确度、精密度进行研究,并与密闭消解法相对比.开管消解测定法测定COD标准样品所得到的值与保证值相比较相对误差为4.07%,而且试剂消耗少、试验成功率高,是一种快捷、简便而高效的测定水样COD值的新方法.     

厌氧折流板反应器在废水处理中的研究与应用

ABR作为一种新型的厌氧折流板反应器工艺，具有许多优良的性能特点，如良好的水力条件及抗冲击能力、构造简单、良好的生物种群分布及处理效果等。目前，其在不同废水处理中运行效果已得到越来越多的研究和实际应用。本文就该工艺的性能及其研究进展作了较全面的介绍。     

Development of a novel modified EGSB reactor for municipal sewage treatment at ambient temperatures

A novel modified expanded granular sludge bed(EGSBm) reactor was developed for anaerobic treatment of municipal sewage with mixed liquid recirculation instead of effluent recirculation commonly adopted by a conventional EGSB(EGSBc) reactor.Performances of these two reactors were compared in treating municipal sewage at ambient temperatures ranging from 8 to 26 ℃.At an upflow liquid velocity(Vup) of 10.3 m/h,the mean concentrations of filtrated COD(CODfilt) and COD of the EGSBm effluent were determined to be 59.4 and 95.9 mg/L,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of the EGSBc effluent operated under identical experimental conditions.When the organic loading rate was suddenly increased from 1.2 to 7.2 kg COD/(m3·d),the EGSBm regained the removal efficiency of previous operation phase in 10 d.Hydrodynamic characteristics of the reactors were compared using the residence time distribution(RTD) model.It was found that the treatment efficiency of EGSBm kept increasing as the Vup increased.The polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE) technique was used to analyze the microbial diversity in EGSBm.Fingerprinting pattern indicated that some species in the inoculating sludge were still reserved in the granular sludge of EGSBm,moreover,several new species occurred.     

自配消解液测定复杂水样COD方法改进

以回流法为基础自配消解液对复杂水样化学需氧量测定研究,对于含悬浮物较多复杂水样进行了预消解均化,通过增加硫酸汞与原水样的预反应环节,提高硫酸汞的利用效率,改进方法后达到了批量测定、取样均匀有代表性、测定结果与国标法一致的效果.