Temperature effect on nitrogen removal performance and bacterial community in culture of marine anammox bacteria derived from sea-based waste disposal site

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria have been detected in variety of marine environment in recent years, however, there have been only a few studies on their characteristics in the culture. The aim of this study is to reveal the effect of temperature on nitrogen removal ability and bacterial community in a culture of marine anammox bacteria (MAAOB). The MAAOB were cultured from the sediment of a sea-based waste disposal site at the North Port of Osaka Bay in Japan. The maximum nitrogen removal rate (NRR) was observed at 25°C in the MAAOB culture, and it decreased both at below 20°C and over 33°C. The activation energy of the MAAOB culture was calculated to be 54.6 kJ mol(-1) in the 5°C to 30°C range. No significant change in bacterial community according with temperature (5-37°C) was confirmed in the results of polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Meanwhile, a number of bacteria related to the oxidation-reduction reaction of sulfur were confirmed and it is speculated that they involved in the activity of MAAOB and nitrogen removal ability in the culture.     

厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)生物脱氮工艺在污泥水处理中的应用

随着我国对生态保护要求的不断提高,各种不同的污水处理工艺也应运而生。该文旨在对厌氧氨氧化(anaerobic am-monium oxidation,Anammox)工艺的机理进行分析,并介绍该工艺在北方某污水处理厂污泥水处理中的应用实例。     

废水脱氮工艺浅析

论述了废水高效生物脱氮工艺进展,提出了同步硝化反硝化以及其机理分析,短程硝化反硝化及其影响因素、厌氧氨氧化以及其氨氮去除效果等新兴的高效生物工艺,以解决水体富营养化的问题.     

Operational window of a deammonifying sludge for mainstream application in a municipal wastewater treatment plant

The present work aimed to study the mainstream feasibility of the deammonifying sludge of side stream of municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWWTP) in Kaster, Germany. For this purpose, the deammonifying sludge available at the side stream was investigated for nitrogen (N) removal with respect to the operational factors temperature (15–30°C), pH value (6.0–8.0) and chemical oxygen demand (COD)/N ratio (≤1.5–6.0). The highest and lowest N-removal rates of 0.13 and 0.045 kg/(m³ d) are achieved at 30 and 15°C, respectively. Different conditions of pH and COD/N ratios in the SBRs of Partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) significantly influenced both the metabolic processes and associated N-removal rates. The scientific insights gained from the current work signifies the possibility of mainstream PN/A at WWTPs. The current study forms a solid basis of operational window for the upcoming semi-technical trails to be conducted prior to the full-scale mainstream PN/A at WWTP Kaster and WWTPs globally.     

厌氧氨氧化反应器快速启动方法的探讨

厌氧氨氧化工艺因其低处理成本,被认为是很有应用前景的脱氮技术。介绍了接种颗粒污泥快速启动厌氧氨氧化反应器的方法。结果表明,接种各类颗粒污泥有利于厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥的形成,可以缩短厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动时间,且启动后的反应器运行稳定,效能优良。说明了该快速启动方法有深入研究和开发的价值。     

Feasibility of CANON process for treating nitrogenous wastewater containing heavy metals

The appearance of heavy metals in wastewater brings a major burden to wastewater treatment plants, due to the high toxicity to microorganisms. Several commonly used heavy metals, including Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), and Pb(II) were adopted to clear the individual and joint toxicity to the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process in six sequencing batch reactors. The obtained results suggested that the nitrogen removal performances were transiently inhibited, but rapidly recovered. The restoration period under the stress of Hg(II) and Pb(II) was shorter than that under Zn(II), Cd(II), and the joint heavy metals. During the long-term exposure, Cd(II) in 1mg L⁻¹ slightly inhibited the nitrogen removal, while Zn(II), Hg(II), Pb(II), and mixture showed a negligible impact on CANON process. The defense of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), the good adaptability of functional bacteria, and the inducement of resistant genera by heavy metals all contributed to the robustness and stability of CANON process. Therefore, it is feasible to treat nitrogenous wastewater containing low heavy metals using CANON process. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry     

Simultaneous removal of TOC and TSS in swine wastewater using the partial nitritation process

BACKGROUND: Considering biological nitrogen removal, the partial nitritation connected with the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process is a promising alternative for nitrogen elimination at high loading rates. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the establishment and operation of a partial nitritation process in an airlift reactor with simultaneous removal of total organic carbon and suspended solids using swine wastewater. RESULTS: The partial nitritation reactor was inoculated with a nitrifying sludge at 2.1 gTSS L^?1 and fed with an UASB reactor effluent. High organic carbon loading rates, above 2 kgTOC m^?3 d^?1 have been shown to be potential inhibitors of the partial nitritation process due to competition between autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria. In this study, the partial nitritation process was established using undiluted swine wastewater, with HRT of 24 h, 1.84 mgO₂ L^?1 (SD = 0.41) DO, loading rate of 1.14 gTOC L^?1 d^?1 and 0.91 gN‐NH₃ L^?1 d^?1 for more than 100 consecutive days. At the same time, the system proved to be an effective tool in TOC and TSS removal, reaching 84.9% (SD = 9.3) and 83.1% (SD = 0.1), respectively. CONCLUSION: This result enhances partial nitritation application as a technology for high load nitrogen converting, and allows the possibility of connection with anammox reactors. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

脱氮过程中短程亚硝化工艺主导因子及最佳运行参数分析

以匹配后续厌氧氨氧化主体脱氮工艺进水为目的,采用亚硝酸型硝化工艺进行前期脱氮预处理.在前期试验及动力学分析基础上,利用带动量的自适应学习速率梯度下降算法,建立BPNN模型,预测系统温度、进水pH、碱度、进水氨氮质量浓度、曝气量5个生态因子对亚硝化过程影响.采用分割连接权值( PCW)和偏导数(PaD)2种方法,定量化分析网络各层神经元的连接权值,明确了既定进水条件下,匹配厌氧氨氧化的短程亚硝化过程主导因子依次为曝气量、温度及碱度.采用遗传算法对已建立BPNN模型寻优,结果表明系统最优运行参数为:温度28.5℃、进水pH为8.34、进水碱度值6 777 mg·L-1,进水氨氮质量浓度1 215.8 mg·L-1、曝气量0.24 m3.h-1,与实际试验具有较好一致性.同时表明加大曝气量可以一定程度上降低温度要求.     

厌氧氨氧化包埋填料处理稀土尾矿废水的中试脱氮和优化

针对稀土尾矿废水的成分复杂和低化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)的水质条件,采用厌氧氨氧化包埋填料进行处理。首先进行了厌氧氨氧化包埋填料的适应和驯化,然后分别探究了厌氧氨氧化包埋填料单独处理稀土尾矿废水和耦合反硝化包埋填料处理稀土尾矿废水的脱氮性能。结果表明,厌氧氨氧化包埋填料对稀土尾矿废水有良好的适应性,采用阶梯式底物和缩短水力停留时间(hydraulic retention time,HRT)的运行策略进行适应和驯化后,总氮去除负荷(nitrogen removal load rate,NRR)最高可达0.99kg N/(m³·d),较适应和驯化前提高了8.39倍。高通量测序结果表明,厌氧氨氧化优势菌属(Candidatus Kuenenia)的相对丰度从5.53%上升至35.67%,实现了有效富集,而适应和驯化前的优势菌属(Candidatus Brocadia)不适应环境被淘汰。面对原水氨氮浓度波动时,厌氧氨氧化包埋填料单独处理稀土尾矿废水的NRR最高可达1.02kg N/(m³·d),出水氨氮的平均浓...     

Anammox Bacterial S-Adenosyl-l-Methionine Dependent Methyltransferase Crystal Structure and Its Interaction with Acyl Carrier Proteins

Ladderane lipids (found in the membranes of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing [anammox] bacteria) have unique ladder-like hydrophobic groups, and their highly strained exotic structure has attracted the attention of scientists. Although enzymes encoded in type II fatty acid biosynthesis (FASII) gene clusters in anammox bacteria, such as S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM)-dependent enzymes, have been proposed to construct a ladder-like structure using a substrate connected to acyl carrier protein from anammox bacteria (AmxACP), no experimental evidence to support this hypothesis was reported to date. Here, we report the crystal structure of a SAM-dependent methyltransferase from anammox bacteria (AmxMT1) that has a substrate and active site pocket between a class I SAM methyltransferase-like core domain and an additional α-helix inserted into the core domain. Structural comparisons with homologous SAM-dependent C-methyltransferases in polyketide synthase, AmxACP pull-down assays, AmxACP/AmxMT1 complex structure predictions by AlphaFold, and a substrate docking simulation suggested that a small compound connected to AmxACP could be inserted into the pocket of AmxMT1, and then the enzyme transfers a methyl group from SAM to the substrate to produce branched lipids. Although the enzymes responsible for constructing the ladder-like structure remain unknown, our study, for the first time, supports the hypothesis that biosynthetic intermediates connected to AmxACP are processed by SAM-dependent enzymes, which are not typically involved in the FASII system, to produce the ladder-like structure of ladderane lipids in anammox bacteria.