NH4^＋-N与N02^- -N对连续流CANON反应器运行性能的影响

为提高CANON反应器的TN去除效率,采用在好氧条件下直接启动的CANON反应器进行试验.试验过程中,控制温度在35℃±1℃、pH在7.39~8.01、曝气量为31.2 m3/(m3.h)、ρ(DO)约1.5~2.0 mg/L,水力停留时间为3.7 h,分别进行了ρ(NH4+-N)与ρ(NO2--N)的试验.试验发现,在曝气量恒定的条件下,ρ(NH4+-N)过高或过低都不利于TN去除率的提高,在上述试验条件下,当ρ(NH4+-N)为310~360 mg/L时,获得超过75%的TN去除率.提高反应器中的ρ(NH4+-N)与ρ(NO2--N)有利于TN负荷的提高,但二者超过50 mg/L时,继续提高无益.在进水不包含有机碳源的条件下,CANON反应器出水的ρ(TN)依然较高,还需要进一步的处理来满足排放标准.     

Impact of inocula and growth mode on the molecular microbial ecology of anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) bioreactor communities

The composition of distinctly inoculated granular anammox and biofilm-based completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) bioreactors was investigated from start-up through continuous long-term operation via denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing. The granular anammox reactor was seeded with sludge from an operational anammox reactor in Strass, Austria. The CANON reactor was seeded with activated sludge from a local wastewater treatment plant in New York City. The principal anammox bacteria (AMX) shifted from members related to Kuenenia stuttgartiensis present in the initial inoculum to members related to Candidatus Brocadia fulgida during pre-enrichment (before this study) and to members related to Candidatus Brocadia sp. 40 (during this study) in the granular reactor. AMX related to C. Brocadia sp. 40 were also enriched from activated sludge in the CANON reactor. The estimated doubling times of AMX in the granular and CANON reactors were 5.3 and 8.9 days, respectively, which are lower than the value of 11 days, reported previously. Both the granular anammox and CANON reactors also fostered significant amounts of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). The fractions of AMX and two groups of NOB were generally similar in the granular anammox and CANON reactors. However, the diversity and fractions of AOB in the two reactors was markedly different. Therefore, it is suggested that the composition of the feed and extant substrate concentrations in the reactor likely select for the microbial community composition more than the inocula and reactor configuration. Further, such selection is not equivalent for all resident communities.     

厌氧氨氧化在废水生物脱氮领域中的应用进展

厌氧氨氧化（Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation,Anammox）是一种新型的废水生物脱氮技术,具有传统硝化反硝化工艺无法比拟的节能减排效果。文章主要对该工艺在废水脱氮处理方面的应用情况进行阐述,并指出目前存在的问题和今后的研究方向。     

厌氧氨氧化菌的特性及富集培养方法的研究进展

厌氧氨氧化是一种以厌氧氨氧化菌的生化作用为核心的新型生物脱氮技术,具有良好的开发前景。然而由于厌氧氨氧化菌细胞产率极低,生长非常缓慢,且对环境条件较为敏感,使其不能很快地实现大规模的推广应用。根据厌氧氨氧化菌的生理生态学特性,从反应器和接种污泥两个方面综述了近年来国内外富集培养厌氧氨氧化菌的方法,并指出了今后研究的主要方向。     

PNDPR-A耦合工艺处理实际污水启动和运行

短程硝化反硝化除磷串联厌氧氨氧化工艺（partial nitrification, denitrifying phosphorus removal and anammox, PNDPR-A）是一种节能高效的新型耦合工艺。为进一步降低污水处理能耗,采用实际生活污水运行PNDPR-A工艺。为适配生活污水,分3阶段（25%、50%和100%）逐步提高生活污水比例。运行初期受生活污水复杂水质影响,短程硝化反硝化除磷单元（partial nitrification, denitrifying phosphorus removal, PNDPR）NH⁺₄-N氧化率下降,NO^-₂-N积累减少,直接影响后续Anammox单元脱氮效果。针对该问题,提升PNDPR单元好氧1段10%的曝气强度,实现与人工配水时相当的NH⁺₄-N氧化率和NO^-₂-N积累效果;在阶段Ⅲ,向Anammox单元投加10～20 mg/L的NO^-     

Research advances and challenges in anammox immobilization for autotrophic nitrogen removal

Application of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process using suspended or attached growth technology has limitations of slow growth rate such as biomass washout, and large footprint. This has led to the development of smaller, compact immobilized systems. In recent years, wastewater treatment using anammox immobilized cells has received much attention due to its advantages of high biomass content, retention of biomass by prevention of washout, good solid–liquid separation and lower toxicity to microorganisms. This article critically reviews the existing literature on autotrophic nitrogen removal using anammox bacteria in its immobilized form. Different methods of using immobilized anammox bacteria were identified. Characteristics of various polymeric gels such as solubility, biodegradability, stability, diffusivity and growth of biomass in the polymeric gel were studied. However, there is insufficient study of disposal methods and costs involved in anammox immobilization to guide future implementation of immobilized anammox technologies for autotrophic nitrogen removal. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

低基质厌氧氨氧化SBBR反应器启动研究

采用SBBR反应器,接种普通污水厂剩余污泥,以人工配制含NH4+-N和NO2--N的低氨氮废水为进水,NH4+-N、NO2--N分别为24.3~32.0 mg/L、31.9~37.5 mg/L,p H为7.60~7.75,水温为(32±1)℃,考察低基质条件下厌氧氨氧化反应器启动及稳定运行特征。结果表明:经100余天后,SBBR厌氧氨氧化反应器成功启动。进水TN为60.8~68.7 mg/L时,平均去除率为88.3%,NH4+-N和NO2--N的去除率均达到95%以上。稳定运行期间,NH4+-N去除量、NO2--N去除量和NO3--N生成量的质量浓度之比为1∶1.37∶0.27,出水p H略高于进水,稳定在7.95左右。