反馈日志与混合概率模型相结合的图像标注

为提高图像标注质量,提出一种反馈日志与混合概率模型相结合的图像标注方法。利用本体语义网计算标注词之间的相似性度,将相似度应用于日志分析,得到具体应用中的标注词间关系,结合标注词间的关系和图像底层特征,使用混合概率模型进行自动图像标注。实验结果表明,该方法能获得较好的查全率和查准率。     

图像自动语义标注技术综述

近年来,随着对基于内容图像检索技术研究的深入,图像自动语义标注已成为了该领域的研究热点。针对目前广泛研究的图像语义标注技术,从其分类、关键技术、存在问题及发展方向进行了进行了论述,以期为从事该方向研究的人员提供一定的借鉴意义和参考价值。     

一种基于本体与描述文本的网络图像语义标注方法

网络图像语义自动标注是实现对互联网中海量图像管理和检索的有效途径,而自动有效地挖掘图像语义是实现自动语义标注的关键。网络图像的语义蕴含于图像自身,但更多的在于对图像语义起不同作用的各种描述文本,而且随着图像和描述知识的变化,描述文本所描述的图像语义也随之变化。提出了一种基于领域本体和不同描述文本语义权重的自适应学习的语义自动标注方法,该方法从图像的文本特征出发考查它们对图像语义的影响,先通过本体进行有效的语义快速发现与语义扩展,再利用一种加权回归模型对图像语义在其不同类型描述文本上的分布进行自适应的建模,进而实现对网络图像的语义标注。在真实的Wcb数据环境中进行的实验中,该方法的有效性得到了验证。     

A Machine Learning Approach for Identification Thesis and Conclusion Statements in Student Essays

This study describes and evaluates twoessay-based discourse analysis systems thatidentify thesis and conclusion statements fromstudent essays written on six different essaytopics. Essays used to train and evaluate thesystems were annotated by two human judges,according to a discourse annotation protocol. Using a machine learning approach, a number ofdiscourse-related features were automaticallyextracted from a set of annotated trainingdata. Using these features, two discourseanalysis models were built using C5.0 withboosting: a topic-dependent and atopic-independent model. Both systemsoutperformed a positional algorithm. While thetopic-dependent system showed somewhat higherperformance, the topic-independent systemshowed similar results, indicating that asystem can generalize to unseen data – thatis, essay responses on topics that the systemhas not seen in training.     

基于极端梯度提升树算法的图像属性标注

提出基于极端梯度提升树(eXtreme gradient boosting,XGBoost)算法的图像属性标注模型,以改善标注性能：提取图像局部二值模式(local binary patterns,LBP)、灰度纹理空间包络特征(Gist)、尺度不变特征变换(scale invariant feature transform,SIFT)、视觉几何组(visual geometry group,VGG)等特征,以准确刻画图像视觉内容;基于图像特征,采用XGBoost算法集成弱分类器为强分类器,完成图像属性标注;深入挖掘图像属性蕴含的深层语义,构建全新的、层次化的属性表示体系,以贴近人类客观认知;设计迁移学习策略并合理组合分类模型,进一步改善标注性能。试验表明：Gist特征能真实刻画图像视觉内容;执行基础迁移学习后,标注精准度比迁移学习前最优指标提升8.69%;执行混合型迁移学习后,合理组合分类模型,标注精准度比基础迁移学习的最优指标提升17.55%。模型有效地改善图像属性标注精度。     

Enhancing Virtual Reference: Techniques and Technologies to Engage Users and Enrich Interaction

Virtual reference service has become ubiquitous in academic libraries. The increased adoption of chat technology brings to light some of the challenges of providing high-quality reference service. The lack of a personal connection, increased transaction time, and technical problems are often cited. Techniques, such as conducting a reference interview or using online communication conventions, can make virtual reference as effective as face-to-face reference. Additionally, inclusion of video or Web annotation in the virtual reference session can add an element of personalization that might otherwise be missing. Virtual reference can be an emotionally rich, engaging, and effective form of reference service if these techniques and technologies are adopted.     

Mining temporal explicit and implicit semantic relations between entities using web search engines

In this paper, we study the problem of mining temporal semantic relations between entities. The goal of the studied problem is to mine and annotate a semantic relation with temporal, concise, and structured information, which can release the explicit, implicit, and diversity semantic relations between entities. The temporal semantic annotations can help users to learn and understand the unfamiliar or new emerged semantic relations between entities. The proposed temporal semantic annotation structure integrates the features from IEEE and Renlifang. We propose a general method to generate temporal semantic annotation of a semantic relation between entities by constructing its connection entities, lexical syntactic patterns, context sentences, context graph, and context communities. Empirical experiments on two different datasets including a LinkedIn dataset and movie star dataset show that the proposed method is effective and accurate. Different from the manually generated annotation repository such as Wikipedia and LinkedIn, the proposed method can automatically mine the semantic relation between entities and does not need any prior knowledge such as ontology or the hierarchical knowledge base. The proposed method can be used on some applications, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed temporal semantic relations on many web mining tasks.     

军事装备发展的哲学诠释

军事装备是构成军队战斗力的重要物质基础,军事装备的发展是提高军队战斗力的重要途径.军事装备的发展不仅是我军现代化建设的重大现实问题,也是我军实现“两个转变”的重大理论问题.为了对军事装备发展有更充分、更深入的认识,本文从哲学角度对军事装备发展进行研究.通过对军事装备发展的思考,深刻分析军事装备发展的内涵与外延,提出了军事装备发展的战斗力标准和军事装备发展的定义,为我军装备现代化建设提供理论参考.     

奇异数据类型的编译支持

专用处理器,如DSP等,因主要支持特定应用,其指令集往往只支持有限的数据类型。在采用高级语言为其编程时,若采用了处理器不支持的奇异数据类型,编译器必须在保持语义的前提下将其转化为处理器支持的一段指令。该文提出了一种在VLIW DSP编译器中实现对奇异数据类型的处理的方法,包括对含有奇异数据类型的中间代码的注释、调度依赖关系的计算、寄存器分配的改进。该类方法对编译器的改动相对较小,效率较高。     

橄榄苦苷改善db/db小鼠糖尿病的肝脏转录组学及生物信息学分析

通过转录组学及其生物信息学分析,研究了橄榄苦苷缓解db/db小鼠糖尿病的肝脏差异表达基因及相关信号通路。结果发现与db/db对照组相比,橄榄苦苷处理组的539个基因发生显著变化,其中450个基因显著上调,89个基因显著下调。将上调和下调的差异表达基因在基因本体论数据库中注释,这些差异表达基因主要在细胞过程、细胞部分和结合中分布。京都基因与基因组百科全书通路富集分析结果显示上调的差异表达基因主要富集在磷酸肌醇3-激酶-蛋白激酶B信号通路途径,该通路共涉及27个差异表达基因;下调的差异表达基因主要富集在花生四烯酸代谢和真核生物中核糖体的生物发生信号通路途径,分别涉及4个差异表达基因。本研究为进一步阐明橄榄苦苷缓解2型糖尿病的分子机制奠定了基础。