Development of antimicrobial polypropylene sutures by graft copolymerization. II. Evaluation of physical properties,drug release,and antimicrobial activity

Polypropylene (PP) sutures are prepared by the simultaneous radiation grafting of 1‐vinylimidazole (VIm) onto PP monofilament sutures. The tenacity slightly decreases whereas the elongation increases with the increase in the degree of grafting. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that the stability of the sutures is enhanced by the grafting process. The grafted sutures have reasonably good water uptake. They are subsequently immobilized with an antimicrobial drug, ciprofloxacin. The modified suture releases the drug over a period of 4–5 days. The antimicrobial activity of the modified suture is determined against Esherichia coli by the zone of inhibition technique. A clear zone of inhibition is observed around the drug‐containing suture. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3534–3538, 2007     

塑料抗菌剂国内外开发现状及市场分析

阐述了抗菌剂的种类及其作用机理,详细介绍了塑料抗菌剂的国内外市场、开发现状及发展趋势,对今后国内市场进行了预测,并提出了我国塑料抗菌剂的发展建议。     

Characteristic properties of cutting fluid additives derived from the adducts of diamines and acid chlorides

A number of N,N′-diacylalkyldiamines were prepared from the reaction of acid chlorides with 1,8-diaminooctane and 1,12-diaminododecane and screened for anti-rust properties and antimicrobial activity in spent coolants of water-based cutting fluids. Aqueous solutions of N,N′-dihexanoyl-1,8-diaminooctane and N,N′-isobutyroyl-1,12-diaminododecane showed good anti-rust properties for water-based cutting fluids. Aqueous emulsions of N,N′-dibutyroyl-, dipentanoyl-, dihexanoyl- and dioctanoyl-1,12-diaminododecane showed good lubricities and antimicrobial activity for water-based cutting fluids.     

生物防腐剂ε-聚赖氨酸的稳定性

研究了ε-聚赖氨酸（ε-PL）在不同温度、pH、盐离子浓度条件下的稳定性及ε-PL适宜的贮存条件．结果表明：争PL在121℃处理60min仍具有优良的热稳定性;在pH4．0～7．5时ε-PL相对抑菌活性高于95％,但在pH8．0-9．0时其相对抑菌活性下降约15％;Na^＋,NH4^＋、Mg^2＋对ε-PL的相对抑菌活性无影响;而Ag^＋、Fe^2＋、Cu^2＋浓度大于0．8mol／L时,这些盐离子对供试菌的毒害作用显著于争PL的抑菌作用.ε-PL适宜的贮存条件是避光、低温,其稳定率大于97％．     

纸质基材抗菌包装及性能研究

以纳米银为抗菌剂、聚乙烯醇为黏结剂处理普通成纸,制备了包装用抗菌纸。采用抑菌圈法评价了该抗菌纸对大肠杆菌的抑制效果,研究了聚乙烯醇和纳米银的含量对抗菌纸抗菌性能、抗张强度和伸长率的影响。结果表明:抗菌纸的抗张强度及伸长率均能满足包装需求,且具有良好的抗菌性能,其抗菌效果随纳米银和聚乙烯醇含量的增加而增强。     

工艺参数对合成ZnO／Ag纳米复合抗菌剂产率的影响

通过正交实验，研究了反应温度、反应时间、反应物配比对ZnO／Ag纳米复合抗菌剂合成产率的影响规律。获得了高产率合成ZnO／Ag纳米复合抗菌剂的优选工艺条件：反应温度为10～25℃，ZnSO4与NH4HCO3的摩尔比为1：2-2．5，ZnSO4与NH4HCO3的反应时间为2．5～3h，AgNO3与NH4HCO3的摩尔比为1：1．5～2，反应时间为0．5h，ZnO／Ag的产率超过98％。XRD、TEM和SAED结果表明：ZnO／Ag纳米复合抗菌剂为具有纤锌矿结构的ZnO和立方结构的Ag组成。粒径为15～25nm，分散性较好。     

Bacteria-Responsive Self-Assembly of Antimicrobial Peptide Nanonets for Trap-and-Kill of Antibiotic-Resistant Strains

Bacterial trapping using nanonets is a ubiquitous immune defense mechanism against infectious microbes. These nanonets can entrap microbial cells, effectively arresting their dissemination and rendering them more vulnerable to locally secreted microbicides. Inspired by this evolutionarily conserved anti-infective strategy, a series of 15 to 16 residue-long synthetic β-hairpin peptides is herein constructed with the ability to self-assemble into nanonets in response to the presence of bacteria, enabling spatiotemporal control over microbial killing. Using amyloid-specific K114 assay and confocal microscopy, the membrane components lipoteichoic acid and lipopolysaccharide are shown to play a major role in determining the amyloid-nucleating capacity as triggered by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria respectively. These nanonets displayed both trapping and killing functionalities, hence offering a direct improvement from the trap-only biomimetics in literature. By substituting a single turn residue of the non-amyloidogenic BTT1 peptide, the nanonet-forming BTT1-3A analog is produced with comparable antimicrobial potency. With the same sequence manipulation approach, BTT2-4A analog modified from BTT2 peptide showed improved antimicrobial potency against colistin-resistant clinical isolates. The peptide nanonets also demonstrated robust stability against proteolytic degradation, and promising in vivo efficacy and biosafety profile. Overall, these bacteria-responsive peptide nanonets are promising clinical anti-infective alternatives for circumventing antibiotic resistance.     

生物基防腐技术的研究进展及其在木包装中的应用展望

目的 为满足木包装材料的使用要求和防疫要求,需将木材进行防腐处理,但传统的防腐处理方式易对环境和物品造成污染,存在安全隐患,生物基防腐技术可解决上述问题。方法 介绍当前木包装材料的使用现状,阐述国内外生物基防腐技术的研究进展,并分析和讨论木包装材料在使用中存在的问题。结果 生物基防腐技术是一种绿色、高效的木材防腐技术,目前已取得了一定的研究成果。结论 生物基防腐技术可以满足木包装材料在运输和存储中的各种需求,并且具有环保无毒的优点,因而具有非常广阔的开发和应用前景。     

红毛七中三萜皂苷类化学成分生物活性研究

采用96孔板微量稀释法,以大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、乳链球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、小麦赤霉病菌、白菜黑斑病菌、西瓜枯萎病菌、葡萄炭疽病菌等为指示菌,对红毛七中分离纯化得到的化合物进行抑菌活性评价．结果表明：三萜皂苷化合物对测试的8种菌均有抑制作用,其中16α-羟基-齐墩果-12-烯-28-酸-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯吡喃糖苷、葳严仙皂苷元-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯吡喃糖苷显示出很强的抑细菌活性,MIC值为3．9μg／mL;采用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀方法和热板法对分离得到的三萜皂苷化合物常春藤皂苷元-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯吡喃糖苷,常春藤皂苷元-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖-（1→2）-α-L-阿拉伯吡喃糖苷等进行了抗炎和镇痛作用研究．结果表明：2种三萜皂苷化合物对小鼠的抗炎、镇痛效果与剂量成依赖关系．在注射化合物30min后,镇痛效果达到最大．