5-异丁基-3-( 2-氯) 苄氧基乙内酰脲对白血病细胞 K562 生长与凋亡的影响

目的：探讨5-异丁基-3-（2-氯）苄氧基乙内酰脲（YL3）对白血病细胞 K562细胞生长与凋亡的作用。方法将K562细胞置于含10％FBS的 RPMI-1640培养液中培养。实验分4个组：空白对照组、阴性对照组、阳性对照组（HU组）、受试药物组（YL3组）;除空白对照组外,其余3组均接种K562细胞;HU组、YL3组分5个亚组,分别加入10-3～10-7 mol·L-15个梯度浓度的 HU或 YL3。采用 MTT法检测 YL3对 K562细胞增殖的影响;AV/PI双染流式细胞术检测 YL3对 K562细胞凋亡的影响;瑞氏染色法观察细胞形态的变化。结果 YL3在10-3～10-6 mol·L-1浓度范围内显著抑制 K562细胞增殖（P＜0．01或 P＜0．05）,其半数细胞抑制浓度（IC50）值为88．5μmol·L-1;YL3有促进K562细胞凋亡的作用,其高剂量的凋亡率显著高于同剂量的 HU组（P＜0．01）,且呈量效关系（P＜0．05）。结论5-异丁基-3-（2-氯）苄氧基乙内酰脲具有抑制 K562细胞增殖,诱导其凋亡的作用。     

丙泊酚对急性肺损伤大鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞凋亡及 PI3K／Akt 通路的影响

目的：探讨丙泊酚的肺保护作用及其可能作用机制。方法采用尾静脉注射内毒素建立急性肺损伤模型,丙泊酚和 LY294002同样经过尾静脉给药。将 Wistar 大鼠随机分入实验对照组（C 组）、脂多糖组（L 组）、脂多糖＋丙泊酚组（LP 组）和 LY294002组（LY 组）。每组16只,且每组随机选取8只进行肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞（ATⅡ）的分离。给药前及开始后第3、6和12 h 测定动脉血氧分压（PaO2）,实验结束后观察肺湿／干重（W／D）比值、肺组织病理学检查并进行肺损伤轻重程度评分,同时观察各组大鼠 ATⅡ Akt 活性、Bax 蛋白表达及凋亡率。结果实验前各组 PaO2无明显差异,注射 LPS 后 L 组 PaO2持续下降,和 C 组相比其 PaO2显著降低（P ＜0．05）。实验结束后 L组和 C 组相比其 W／D 比值、肺组织病理学检查评分、ATⅡBax 蛋白表达及凋亡率显著升高（P ＜0．05）,而 ATⅡAkt 活性显著降低（P ＜0．05）。而 LP 组和 L 组相比 W／D 比值、肺组织病理学检查评分、ATⅡBax 蛋白表达及凋亡率显著降低（P ＜0．05）,而 PaO2和 ATⅡAkt 活性显著升高（P ＜0．05）。而 LY 组加入 LY294002后明显抑制丙泊酚以上保护作用。结论丙泊酚具有肺保护作用,且该作用可能与其通过激活 PI3K／Akt 通路而抑制 ATⅡ的过度凋亡作用相关。     

不同浓度Mg-6Zn合金浸提液对肠上皮细胞凋亡及其相关基因Caspase-3表达的影响

研究不同浓度Mg-6Zn合金浸提液对大鼠肠上皮细胞IEC-6的凋亡及凋亡相关基因Caspase-3表达的影响。将Mg-6Zn合金制成不同浓度(20%和40%)的浸提液体外培养大鼠肠上皮细胞IEC-6,并以含10%胎牛血清的高糖DMEM(Dulbecco′s modified Eagle′s medium)培养基作为阴性对照。采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法通过计算细胞相对增殖率检测不同浓度合金浸提液对IEC-6细胞的毒性作用;采用流式细胞仪检测不同浓度合金浸提液对IEC-6细胞凋亡的影响;采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检测不同浓度合金浸提液对IEC-6细胞凋亡相关基因Caspase-3mRNA表达的影响。实验结果表明,20%和40%两种浓度的镁合金浸提液在体外培养IEC-6细胞第七天时细胞毒性分级分别为0级和1级,属于无毒性,符合医用材料细胞毒性分级的合格标准。40%和20%浓度镁合金浸提液中,IEC-6细胞的凋亡比例及Caspase-3活化度相对于对照组都增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),40%浓度组中,IEC-6细胞的凋亡比例及Caspase-3活化度相对于20%浓度组增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),说明Mg-6Zn合金浸提液在一定范围内处于较高浓度时易诱导IEC-6细胞的凋亡及Caspase-3的表达,且随浓度升高影响越大。     

活性氧与放射性皮肤损伤的研究进展

机体受到意外照射或在接受放射治疗时会引起放射性皮肤损伤,皮肤组织中最先发生水分解而产生活性氧,其次呼吸链及炎症过程也会产生大量活性氧。活性氧作为信号分子在调控生理生化过程中起到了不可替代的作用。本文就辐射刺激后皮肤内活性氧变化、活性氧干预放射性皮肤损伤的机制以及活性氧消除调控放射性损伤等三个方面的研究进展进行综述,旨在...     

Ciliary neurotrophic factor increases the survival of magnocellular vasopressin and oxytocin neurons in rat supraoptic nucleus in organotypic cultures.

Organotypic cultures of the rat hypothalamus are very useful models for the long-term study of parvocellular vasopressin (VP) neurons in the paraventricular (PVN) and suprachiasmatic (SCN) nuclei. However, they do not preserve significant numbers of VP magnocellular neurons (VP-MCNs) in either the PVN or the supraoptic nucleus (SON). Vutskits et al. [(1998) Neuroscience 87:571-582] reported that ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) was a selective survival factor for rat VP-MCNs in organotypic cultures of the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). We examined the effects of CNTF on the survival of these neurons in rat and mouse SONs. CNTF (10 ng/ml) in the culture media increased the survival of VP-MCNs by 6-fold and OT-MCNs by 3-fold. In the mouse, both OT- and VP-MCNs survive very well in organotypic cultures under standard culture conditions and the addition of CNTF had no further effect. Consistent with these results, in situ hybridization showed substantially higher levels of VP- and OT-mRNA in rat PVNs and SONs in the presence of CNTF, but produced no changes in these nuclei in the mouse. The optimum period for the survival effect of CNTF on MCNs in the rat hypothalamic cultures was in the first 7-10 days of culture and this effect is maintained for at least 5 additional days if CNTF is then removed from the medium. Therefore, using CNTF in the culture media can provide an opportunity for long-term studies of rat VP- and OT-MCNs in SONs in organotypic cultures.     

光动力作用对膀胱癌细胞株BIU-87凋亡发生率的影响

目的 :研究光动力抑癌作用机制。方法 :采用流式细胞仪检测光动力作用后人膀胱癌细胞株BIU -87凋亡发生率。结果 :光动力实验组人膀胱癌细胞株BIU -87凋亡发生率达 2 6.11± 2 .5 9% ,与对照组相比 ,差异非常显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :光动力作用能有效诱导人膀胱癌细胞株BIU -87的凋亡发生。这可能是其抑癌作用机制之一。     

Anticancer Activity of Two Novel Hydroxylated Biphenyl Compounds toward Malignant Melanoma Cells

Melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, is still one of the most difficult cancers to treat despite recent advances in targeted and immune therapies. About 50% of advanced melanoma do not benefit of such therapies, and novel treatments are requested. Curcumin and its analogs have shown good anticancer properties and are being considered for use in combination with or sequence to recent therapies to improve patient outcomes. Our group previously published the synthesis and anticancer activity characterization of a novel curcumin-related compound against melanoma and neuroblastoma cells (D6). Here, two hydroxylated biphenyl compounds—namely, compounds 11 and 12—were selected among a small collection of previously screened C2-symmetric hydroxylated biphenyls structurally related to D6 and curcumin, showing the best antitumor potentiality against melanoma cells (IC₅₀ values of 1.7 ± 0.5 μM for 11 and 2.0 ± 0.7 μM for 12) and no toxicity of normal fibroblasts up to 32 µM. Their antiproliferative activity was deeply characterized on five melanoma cell lines by performing dose-response and clonal growth inhibition assays, which revealed long-lasting and irreversible effects for both compounds. Apoptosis induction was ascertained by the annexin V and TUNEL assays, whereas Western blotting showed caspase activation and PARP cleavage. A cell cycle analysis, following cell treatments with either compound 11 or 12, highlighted an arrest in the G2/M transition. Taking all this evidence together, 11 and 12 were shown to be good candidates as lead compounds to develop new anticancer drugs against malignant melanoma.     

Synthesis and antiapoptotic activity of a novel analogue of the neutral sphingomyelinase inhibitor scyphostatin

The enantioselective synthesis of an analogue of scyphostatin, a potent inhibitor of the neutral sphingomyelinase, is described. The synthesis starts with cyclohexanone and a protected D-serine derivative. The key step is an asymmetric hydroxylation to access a hydroxycyclohexanone, which is transformed into a substituted hydroxycyclohexenone. This is converted into the scyphostatin analogue 14, a chemically and metabolically stabilised compound lacking the epoxy function of the natural congener and carrying a palmitic acid group instead of the native trienoyl residue. An evaluation of the biological activity of 14 revealed neutral sphingomyelinase inhibition in several in vivo test systems (monocytes, macrophages, hepatocytes) monitoring antiapoptotic effects and the inversion of phorbolester-induced translocation of green fluorescent protein labelled kinase (protein kinase C-alpha).