茶多酚体外诱导白血病细胞凋亡

目的:为研发天然抗白血病新药,研究茶多酚主要活性成分表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)体外诱导细胞凋亡的作用。方法:采用体视显微镜、DNA凝胶电泳及透射电镜技术,观察EGCG对体外诱导人急性早幼粒白血病细胞(HL-60)凋亡的影响及其诱导凋亡的最佳作用时间和最佳作用浓度。结果:发现EGCG实验组中,HL-60细胞生长被显著抑制,DNA凝胶电泳中可见DNA条带,其细胞超微结构明显改变。当250μg/ml EGCG作用细胞6h时,其诱导细胞凋亡的作用最明显。结论:EGCG可体外诱导HL-60细胞凋亡,可能是抗白血病的侯选药。     

罗非鱼头长链碱的分离纯化及抗肿瘤活性

目的：探讨罗非鱼头长链碱（tilapia head long chain bases,TH-LCB）的提取纯化方法及其体外抗肿瘤 活性。方法：以罗非鱼头为原料,采用有机溶剂提取法,提取纯化得到TH-LCB;采用四甲基偶氮唑盐法、细胞 凋亡率和细胞周期的测定和蛋白免疫印迹等方法,探讨了TH-LCB对人白血病K562细胞的增殖抑制作用和凋亡诱 导作用。结果：TH-LCB可显著抑制人K562细胞的增殖,TH-LCB作用24、48 h后的半数抑制浓度分别为42.207、 39.494 μg/mL;随着TH-LCB质量浓度的增加,细胞凋亡率逐渐增加,sub-G0/G1峰（凋亡峰）也随之升高,表明 TH-LCB通过诱导细胞凋亡来抑制K562细胞增殖;Western blot结果表明,TH-LCB可提高细胞内Caspase-3的蛋白 表达量,呈剂量依赖效应。结论：TH-LCB可通过诱导K562细胞凋亡抑制其增殖,这一过程可能与Caspase-3的 激活有关。     

培养液匀浆人参发根抗氧化、抗黑色素瘤作用

以培养液匀浆人参发根为实验材料,选用Cu2＋螯合能力、多酚氧化酶活力、总抗氧化能力3 种方法对其 抗氧化能力进行测定;采用流式细胞术对黑色素瘤细胞A375凋亡、细胞周期进行测定。结果表明：随着质量浓 度的增大,培养液匀浆人参发根的Cu2＋螯合率逐渐提高,在100 mg/mL时与VC差异不显著（P＞0.05）;40、 60、80、100 mg/mL时培养液匀浆人参发根与VC的多酚氧化酶活力差异不显著（P＞0.05）;培养液匀浆人参 发根的总抗氧化能力具有质量浓度依赖性,在100 mg/mL时达到0.877 4 mmol FeSO4/g。与对照组相比培养液匀 浆人参发根组细胞凋亡显著（P＜0.05）;S、G2/M期比例升高,G0/G1期比例下降。结论：人参发根具有抗氧 化、抗黑色素瘤作用。     

丹参素对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的研究丹参素对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用,并初步探讨其作用机制.方法用线栓法制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,通过神经功能学评分、苏木素和伊红(HE)染色及流式细胞术检测丹参素对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后行为学、缺血侧脑组织病理形态学及神经细胞凋亡的影响.结果丹参素可明显改善脑缺血大鼠神经功能缺损体征,减轻脑组织病理形态学损伤,降低神经细胞凋亡百分率.结论丹参素对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用,其作用机制可能与抑制神经细胞凋亡有关.     

Osteocytes: Their Lacunocanalicular Structure and Mechanoresponses

Osteocytes connect with neighboring osteocytes and osteoblasts through their processes and form an osteocyte network. Shear stress on osteocytes, which is induced by fluid flow in the lacunae and canaliculi, has been proposed as an important mechanism for mechanoresponses. The lacunocanalicular structure is differentially developed in the compression and tension sides of femoral cortical bone and the compression side is more organized and has denser and thinner canaliculi. Mice with an impaired lacunocanalicular structure may be useful for evaluation of the relationship between lacunocanalicular structure and mechanoresponses, although their bone component cells are not normal. We show three examples of mice with an impaired lacunocanalicular structure. Ablation of osteocytes by diphtheria toxin caused massive osteocyte apoptosis, necrosis or secondary necrosis that occurred after apoptosis. Osteoblast-specific Bcl2 transgenic mice were found to have a reduced number of osteocyte processes and canaliculi, which caused massive osteocyte apoptosis and a completely interrupted lacunocanalicular network. Osteoblast-specific Sp7 transgenic mice were also revealed to have a reduced number of osteocyte processes and canaliculi, as well as an impaired, but functionally connected, lacunocanalicular network. Here, we show the phenotypes of these mice in physiological and unloaded conditions and deduce the relationship between lacunocanalicular structure and mechanoresponses.     

Carbazole Aminoalcohols Induce Antiproliferation and Apoptosis of Human Tumor Cells by Inhibiting Topoisomerase I

Novel carbazole aminoalcohols were designed and synthesized as anticancer agents. Among them, alkylamine‐chain‐substituted compounds showed the most promising antiproliferative activity, with IC₅₀ values in the single‐digit micromolar range against two human tumor cell lines. Topoisomerase I (topo I) is likely to be one of the targets of these compounds. Results of comet assays and molecular docking indicate that the representative compounds may act as topo I poisons, causing single‐strand DNA damage by stabilizing the topo I–DNA cleavage complex. In particular, the most potent compound, 1‐(butylamino)‐3‐(3,6‐dichloro‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)propan‐2‐ol ( 6 ), was shown to be able to induce G₂‐phase cell‐cycle arrest and apoptosis in HeLa cells.     

Mycoplasma bovis MBOV_RS02825 Encodes a Secretory Nuclease Associated with Cytotoxicity

This study aimed to determine the activity of one Mycoplasma bovis nuclease encoded by MBOV_RS02825 and its association with cytotoxicity. The bioinformatics analysis predicted that it encodes a Ca²⁺-dependent nuclease based on existence of enzymatic sites in a TNASE_3 domain derived from a Staphylococcus aureus thermonuclease (SNc). We cloned and purified the recombinant MbovNase (rMbovNase), and demonstrated its nuclease activity by digesting bovine macrophage linear DNA and RNA, and closed circular plasmid DNA in the presence of 10 mM Ca²⁺ at 22–65 °C. In addition, this MbovNase was localized in membrane and rMbovNase able to degrade DNA matrix of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). When incubated with macrophages, rMbovNase bound to and invaded the cells localizing to both the cytoplasm and nuclei. These cells experienced apoptosis and the viability was significantly reduced. The apoptosis was confirmed by activated expression of phosphorylated NF-κB p65 and Bax, and inhibition of Iκβα and Bcl-2. In contrast, rMbovNase^Δ181–342 without TNASE_3 domain exhibited deficiency in all the biological functions. Furthermore, rMbovNase was also demonstrated to be secreted. In conclusion, it is a first report that MbovNase is an active nuclease, both secretory and membrane protein with ability to degrade NETs and induce apoptosis.     

Molecular Targeting of the Oncoprotein PLK1 in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia: RO3280, a Novel PLK1 Inhibitor,Induces Apoptosis in Leukemia Cells

Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is highly expressed in many cancers and therefore a biomarker of transformation and potential target for the development of cancer-specific small molecule drugs. RO3280 was recently identified as a novel PLK1 inhibitor; however its therapeutic effects in leukemia treatment are still unknown. We found that the PLK1 protein was highly expressed in leukemia cell lines as well as 73.3% (11/15) of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples. PLK1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in AML samples compared with control samples (82.95 ± 110.28 vs. 6.36 ± 6.35; p < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that shorter survival time correlated with high tumor PLK1 expression (p = 0.002). The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of RO3280 for acute leukemia cells was between 74 and 797 nM. The IC₅₀ of RO3280 in primary acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and AML cells was between 35.49 and 110.76 nM and 52.80 and 147.50 nM, respectively. RO3280 induced apoptosis and cell cycle disorder in leukemia cells. RO3280 treatment regulated several apoptosis-associated genes. The regulation of DCC, CDKN1A, BTK, and SOCS2 was verified by western blot. These results provide insights into the potential use of RO3280 for AML therapy; however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be determined.     

Injurious Effects of Curcumin on Maturation of Mouse Oocytes, Fertilization and Fetal Development via Apoptosis

Curcumin, a common dietary pigment and spice, is a hydrophobic polyphenol derived from the rhizome of the herb Curcuma longa. Previously, we reported a cytotoxic effect of curcumin on mouse embryonic stem cells and blastocysts and its association with defects in subsequent development. In the present study, we further investigated the effects of curcumin on oocyte maturation and subsequent pre- and post-implantation development, both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, curcumin induced a significant reduction in the rate of oocyte maturation, fertilization, and in vitro embryonic development. Treatment of oocytes with curcumin during in vitro maturation (IVM) led to increased resorption of postimplantation embryos and decreased fetal weight. Experiments with an in vivo mouse model disclosed that consumption of drinking water containing 40 μM curcumin led to decreased oocyte maturation and in vitro fertilization as well as early embryonic developmental injury. Finally, pretreatment with a caspase-3-specific inhibitor effectively prevented curcumin-triggered injury effects, suggesting that embryo impairment by curcumin occurs mainly via a caspase-dependent apoptotic process.