Stability analysis of switched systems using variational principles: An introduction

Many natural and artificial systems and processes encompass several modes of operation with a different dynamical behavior in each mode. Switched systems provide a suitable mathematical model for such processes, and their stability analysis is important for both theoretical and practical reasons. We review a specific approach for stability analysis based on using variational principles to characterize the “most unstable” solution of the switched system. We also discuss a link between the variational approach and the stability analysis of switched systems using Lie-algebraic considerations. Both approaches require the use of sophisticated tools from many different fields of applied mathematics. The purpose of this paper is to provide an accessible and self-contained review of these topics, emphasizing the intuitive and geometric underlying ideas.     

基于FPGA的任意波形发生器的设计与实现

提出了一种基于FPGA（现场可编程门阵列）采用DDS（直接数字频率合成器）技术的任意波形发生器设计方案。该方案的硬件电路以FPGA为核心器件,辅以D／A转换器、程控放大和人机接口电路构成。其中FPGA内部控制电路采用8051单片机软核为核心进行设计,信号合成电路采用VHDL语言设计数控振荡器实现,低通滤波器为采用窗函数法设计的16阶线性FIR数字滤波器。     

An efficient method of designing dual‐ and wide‐band power dividers with arbitrary power division

Capability of microstrip nonuniform transmission lines (MNTLs) for construction of dual‐band and broadband unequal Wilkinson power dividers with arbitrary‐way, arbitrary frequency band operations, and arbitrary power divisions is evaluated. Also, the MNTL transformers are introduced for dual‐band/broadband matching of the unequal output impedances of the MNTL power divider with arbitrary output terminal impedances. The strip width of MNTLs is considered variable and is written as a truncated Fourier series expansion. To show the validity of the design procedure, three experimental MNTL Wilkinson power dividers, which are dual‐band two‐ and three‐way power dividers with different power divisions working at 1 and 3.4 GHz and one broadband equal power divider working from 0.4 to 1.8 GHz, have been designed and fabricated. In the first ones with power division of 1.5, outputs isolation and ports matching of less than ?30 dB are achieved. Next, an extended recombinant structure is presented for achieving three‐way MNTL power dividers with dual‐band operation. The measured isolation between outputs and ports matching are better than 30 dB and measured forward transmissions are between ?4.87 and ?5.45 in two passbands of the divider. Also, for the proposed broadband divider, the measured isolation between the outputs is better than 13 dB in 127% desired bandwidth. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2013.     

碳纤维布加固超役混凝土电杆的破坏机理及力学性能

以某电网某路段超过服役期的钢筋混凝土电杆为研究对象,选取电杆杆身与跨中带钢圈接头的杆身试件各6根,其中各取3根试件采用碳纤维布（CFRP）沿杆件纵向进行加固,并对其进行抗弯承载力试验,对比研究在不同的碳纤维布黏贴层数下加固电杆的受力性能和破坏机理。基于试验实测数据,对强度及刚度计算方法进行了研究,并提出了刚度退化的数学表达式。研究结果表明：采用碳纤维布加固电杆后,其破坏表现为混凝土与碳纤维布的表面粘脱失效所致,纵向碳纤维布被拉断作为最终破坏形态,破坏过程迅速,脆性明显;试件的截面应变分布符合平截面假定。加固前杆身试件的承载力退化严重,加固后混凝土电杆的承载能力和刚度均有显著提高,但加固电杆的损伤发展较加固前提早,且快而集中,综合多方面考虑,建议在混凝土电杆接头附近的一定距离内采取双层、杆身其余部位采用单层的碳纤维布加固方法。     

任意取向多个介质旋转椭球的散射场

本文提出了一种用于计算任意取向多个介质椭球电磁散射的混合方法.利用扩展边界条件(EBC)导出具有旋转轴对称单个椭球以球面波矢量函数为基底的T矩阵,结合球矢量波函数旋转定理和递推T矩阵方法,给出多个任意取向介质椭球的散射场.数值例子验证了该混合方法的计算精度和有效性.     

侧向载荷下圆柱壳体断裂的ALE法数值模拟

为了了解侧向爆炸冲击载荷下圆柱壳体断裂过程,采用任意拉格郎日-欧拉方法、爆轰产物采用JWL状态方程对侧向爆炸冲击载荷作用下圆柱壳体断裂过程进行了数值模拟和分析．模拟结果表明,圆柱壳体爆炸断裂所需炸药量与壳体壁厚为递增线性关系,且这个线性关系的斜率随壁厚不同而改变．在其他条件相同的情况下,壳壁越厚,增加炸药量爆炸时壳体单元最大应力增加越慢．     

一种基于误差系统稳定性的混沌广义同步方法

该文在将混沌系统分为线性与非线性两部分的基础上,利用反馈控制及参数变换,提出了一种新的混沌广义同步方法。该方法基于线性变换,把系统广义同步问题转化为同步误差系统的稳定性问题,并给出了广义同步存在的条件。该方法可以通过配置同步速度,改善混沌广义同步的性能。且不受混沌系统线性部分稳定性的限制,扩大了混沌广义同步的通用性。通过对Lorenz系统进行仿真,结果表明该方法具有很好的适用性。     

基于抠像技术的图像无缝融合算法

为了更快更好的进行图像融合,在用自由融合算法对泊松图像编辑与抠像技术进行改进的基础上,实现了一套图像自由无缝融合算法。该融合算法首先利用抠像技术来提取图像中的物体边缘,然后迭代求解泊松方程,从而取得了自然的融合效果。该算法与最新的无缝融合算法相比,其优点在于:①对于前景与背景的颜色变化复杂的图像,仍可得到准确的边缘;②可以使用户能引导前景映射图的走向;③无论图像前景层中存在多少个洞,融合效果将不受任何影响。这使得该算法的应用具有相当的灵活性。对于目前的图像融合技术而言,该算法可以获得更高的融合质量、更快的处理速度以及多样的融合效果。     

Optimal tracking performance of MIMO discrete‐time systems with communication constraints

The optimal tracking problem for multiple‐input multiple‐output linear‐time‐invariant discrete‐time systems with communication constraints in the feedback path is studied in this paper. The tracking performance is measured by the energy of the error signal between the output of the plant and the reference signal. The objective is to obtain an optimal tracking performance, attainable by all possible stabilizing compensators. It is shown that the optimal tracking performance consists of two parts, one depends on the nonminimum phase zeros and zero direction of the given plant, as well as the reference input signal direction, and the other depends on the nonminimum phase zeros, unstable poles, and pole direction of the given plant, as well as the bandwidth and additive white Gaussian noise of the communication channel. It is also shown that, if the constraint of the communication channel does not exist, the optimal tracking performance reduces to the existing tracking performance of the control system without communication constraints. A typical example is given to illustrate the theoretical results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

线性二次型最优控制闭环系统极点的必要条件

本文推导了线性二次型（LQ）最优控制闭环系统极点应满足的必要条件，以及与加权阵Q和R的等式关系