利用DD混剂合成丙烯酸-3-氯-2-丙烯酯

为了综合利用DD混剂(1,3-二氯丙烯和1,2-二氯丙烷的混合物),以工业副产品DD混剂为主要原料,使1,3-二氯丙烯与丙烯酸、氢氧化钠反应,合成了丙烯酸-3-氯-2-丙烯酯并分离出1,2-二氯丙烷,并确定了适宜的工艺条件。     

溶液共混法制备高强度淀粉基完全生物降解塑料薄膜

利用一步溶液共混法，将预糊化的淀粉糊与PvA溶液共混，用乙二醛进行交联，制备淀粉／聚乙烯醇（PVA）完全生物降解塑料薄膜。研究不同乙二醛和甘油的用量对薄膜性能的影响。薄膜的力学性能、热性能和微观形态表征表明，淀粉／PvA体系具有较好的相容性和较高的力学性能，薄膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别可达到28．52MPa和307．5％。     

利用钾盐混合物提高玻璃制品的强度

本文介绍了一种利用钾盐混合物并通过改变钾盐的比例来提高玻璃制品强度的方法。     

基于k-最近邻筛选的BMA集合预报模型研究

针对冗余训练样本会降低BMA参数求解效率与精度问题,本文提出在BMA运算之前采用k-最近邻(k-nearest neighbor)算法筛选有价值训练样本,并用于BMA参数求解的改进模型。模拟试验在淮河王家坝站进行,分别以k-最近邻筛选、不筛选两种方案为BMA提供训练样本,统计分析两种方案中王家坝站流量模拟结果,评价BMA改进法的性能。模拟结果显示,采用k-最近邻样本筛选方法后,BMA模型对洪水过程以及洪峰的预报精度提升明显;概率预报结果的离散程度降低的同时,可靠性程度获得提升。k-最近邻样本筛选方法的引入,能够有效去除BMA模型训练样本中的冗余数据,以少量的样本获得更可靠的模型参数,改善集合预报性能。     

Effect of styrene–isopren–styrene addition on the recycled polycarbonate/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene polymer blends

Interfacial agents as compatibilizers have recently been introduced into polymer blends to improve microstructure and mechanical properties of thermoplastics. In this way, it is possible to prepare a mixture of polymeric materials that can have superior mechanical properties over a wide temperature range. In this study, an incompatible blend of Polycarbonate (PC) and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Copolymer were made compatible by addition of 5, 10, and 20% Styrene–Isopren–Styrene Copolymer (SIS). The mixing operation was conducted using a twin‐screw extruder. The morphology and the compatibility of the mixtures were examined by SEM and DSC techniques. Furthermore, the elastic modulus, tensile and yield strengths, percentage elongation, hardness, melt flow index, Izod impact resistance, heat deflection temperature (HDT), Vicat softening point values of polymer alloys of various ratios were determined. It was found that addition of SIS to the structures decreased the tensile strength, yield strength, elastic modulus, and hardness, whereas it increased Izod impact strength and percentage elongation values. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 559–566, 2006     

不同老化方式对沥青低温性能的影响分析

研究了不同老化方式对沥青低温性能的影响,分3个阶段,对不同老化方式的试验结果进行了比较.阶段1研究表明,沥青在压力老化容器(PAV)中100℃条件下老化20 h后的低温性能与在1.01×105Pa、60℃条件下老化38 d后的低温性能相差无几.阶段2研究表明,可以通过58℃、10 r/s时的高温因子G*/sinδ来修正低温性能分级,从而可以利用短期老化来代替长期老化试验.阶段3研究表明,沥青的低温性能会随着老化时间改变而变化.当老化时间较短时,低温性能分级由劲度指标控制;当老化时间较长时,低温性能分级将转变为由蠕变速率控制.     

组合填料-膜生物反应器处理生活污水生产性试验

在一体式膜生物反应器（MBR）中加入组合填料，对北京某国际公寓的生活污水处理进行了生产性试验。试验表明，在进水水温15～22℃，pH值6．5～7．2，曝气气水体积比9～10：1，COD198．6～563．5mg／L，NH4-N20．5～55．3mg／L，反应器中混合液悬浮固体浓度（MLSS）维持在5200～7800mg／L时，MBR对水中的COD、NH4^＋-N平均去除率分别为90．6％、68．7％，出水中检测不出SS和大肠菌群，浊度小于1NTU，水质满足CJ2511-89《生活杂用水水质标准》。在相同条件下，未加填料反应器MLSS平均值必须维持在12000mg／L以上时才能达到类似处理效果。由于反应器中加入组合填料，降低了MLSS的浓度，减少了膜污染，在膜通量不变情况下，化学清洗周期可延长35～40d。     

高纯度盐酸游离氯的控制

介绍了高纯盐酸的生产原理、游离氯超标原因，通过工艺改进、提高操作水平及加强管理将游离氯含量控制在指标范围内。     

Blends of i‐PP and SBS. I. Influence of the in situ compatibilization on the morphology

This article concerns the in situ compatibilization of immiscible isotactic polypropylene/butadiene‐styrene‐butadiene triblock copolymer blends (i‐PP/SBS) by means of a reactive mixture. For this purpose, maleated PP (PP‐MAH) and SBS (SBS‐MAH) were used as functionalized polymers and 4,4′‐diaminediphenylmethane was used as a coupling agent between maleated polymers, resulting in a graft copolymer. Binary blends i‐PP/SBS, nonreactive ternary blends i‐PP/PP‐MAH/SBS, and reactive ternary blends i‐PP/PP‐MAH/SBS‐MAH with varying diamine and anhydride molar ratios were prepared. Torque measurements suggest a graft copolymerization during the melt blending for ternary reactive blends, but the extension of the grafting does not vary with the diamine and anhydride molar ratio, but with the elastomer concentration. The morphology of the blends was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The morphology of binary and ternary nonreactive blends is similar, exhibiting elastomer domains disperse in the i‐PP matrix, whose sizes increase with elastomer concentration. On the other hand, the elastomer domain size in the ternary reactive blends is practically independent of the blends composition and of the diamine and anhydride molar ratio. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 847–855, 2002     

无患子表面活性物及其复配体系的性质研究

对天然植物原料无患子提取物中的表面活性物的性质（临界胶束浓度、表面张力和起泡性能）及其影响因素（温度、pH、水硬度和盐度等）进行了系统的研究，结果表明无患子表面活性物具有很低的cmc和γcmc，且在一定范围内受一些因素的影响也不大，是一种理想的香波原料；同时也研究了无患子活性物与其他温和型的阴离子表面活性剂的复配体系，表明具有明显的协同增效效果。