乳化沥青冷再生混合料和易性指标及影响因素

为了研究乳化沥青冷再生混合料和易性,采用自主研发的和易性测试设备,以扭矩值作为乳化沥青冷再生混合料和易性表征指标,研究了不同特性的乳化沥青、回收沥青路面材料( reclaimed asphalt pavement,RAP)掺量及拌和用水量对乳化沥青冷再生混合料和易性的影响规律,分析了乳化沥青冷再生混合料和易性影响因素的显著性,并通过反算水泥初凝时间以及旋转压实成型试件的体积参数是否在规范范围验证了测试方法及指标的合理性.结果表明：再生混合料和易性随着RAP掺量的增加而变差,合适的拌和用水量能显著改善再生混合料和易性;RAP掺量和拌和用水量对再生混合料和易性有显著影响,而乳化沥青特性的影响不明显;乳化沥青冷再生混合料在拌和后存在一个最佳压实时机,推荐扭矩阈值为20 N·m.     

基于LabVIEW的纤维投料机非线性偏差校正

针对纤维投料机在纤维称量过程中偏差过大的现象,在分析纤维投料机结构与工作原理的基础上,基于LabVIEW对纤维称量过程的数据采集,利用回归分析及最小二乘拟合原理,建立了纤维投料机质量称量过程非线性校正数学模型,并利用 LabVIEW 上位机系统将拟合系数实时反馈至可编程逻辑控制器( programmable logic controller,PLC)的质量称量控制模块,实现了对质量称量过程的实时自动校正.通过静态加载试验及沥青玛蹄脂碎石( stone mastic asphalt,SMA)混合料的路用性能试验对校正后的质量称量系统进行了验证.结果表明：采用该控制方式后,纤维质量称量偏差由校正前的7.3%下降至1.4%,达到了±2%的误差设计要求.校正后生产的SMA混合料空隙率降低了17%,车辙变形量减少,动稳定度提高了4.4%,抗弯拉强度与弯曲破坏劲度模量分别提高了7%和10%,且其他路用性能指标均比校正前有所提高,并与室内试验最佳纤维掺量下的性能相吻合,为避免纤维少投或多投现象的发生及提高SMA混合料的质量提供了一定的帮助.     

沥青混凝土心墙土石坝水力劈裂计算分析

分析了土石坝水力劈裂原理,针对新疆吐鲁番二塘沟沥青混凝土心墙土石坝,选取河床部位最大断面为典型断面,采用有限元法对其进行水力劈裂计算分析,得出:该土石坝心墙任一高程处的中主应力都小于竖向应力,且中主应力和竖向应力都大于水压力。因此,该坝的心墙不会发生水力劈裂。     

高温气候下沥青混凝土心墙连续碾压施工结合面温控试验研究

在夏季高温气候沥青混凝土心墙连续多层施工时,为减少等待结合面温度降至规范要求上限值90℃的时间,通过室内试验模拟结合面温度提高后心墙连续两层铺筑的情况,分别研究了结合面温度在90℃、100℃、110℃情况下沥青混凝土的压实性和变形情况,并进行了现场试验论证。室内试验结果表明:心墙沥青混凝土结合面温度降至100℃时,上层沥青混凝土的孔隙率为2.88%,下层沥青混凝土的最大侧向应变值为2.78%;结合面温度为110℃时,上层沥青混凝土的孔隙率为3.85%,下层沥青混凝土的最大侧向应变值为4.00%。现场试验结果表明:结合面温度为100℃时的上层沥青混凝土孔隙率和渗透系数均满足规范要求。因此,沥青混凝土心墙连续多层碾压时,结合面温度提高至100℃的施工质量可以得到保证。     

含盐高湿地区沥青抗剥落剂的应用

为提高含盐高湿地区沥青混合料的水稳定性,首先采用改进的水煮法初步确定各抗剥落剂在含盐高湿环境下的合理掺量;然后对掺有不同抗剥落剂的沥青混合料进行冻融劈裂试验和动水压力冲刷劈裂试验,优选适合含盐高湿环境的抗剥落剂种类;最后进行浸水汉堡车辙试验、常规车辙试验和低温弯曲试验,确定含盐高湿环境下抗剥落剂的最佳掺量范围.结果表明:非胺类抗剥落剂A、T在老化后的性能优于胺类抗剥落剂P、H,掺有抗剥落剂A的混合料冻融劈裂强度比和冲刷劈裂强度比均最大;建议含盐高湿地区采用抗剥落剂A来提高混合料的水稳定性,其最佳掺量范围为沥青用量的0.5%~0.7%.     

散粒体的自组织临界性分析

基于二维模拟实验,研究竖向荷载下散粒体中的自组织临界性,揭示细观拱效应与宏观大崩塌的变化规律,以及拱效应与材料性质的关系.散粒体中每个小自组织的临界发展过程包括自组织搭拱、拱随遇平衡和拱崩塌的动力学演化.散粒体大坍塌是众多小自组织临界发生后的力学性质由量变到质变的过程.用随机理论细观探讨一个预期失败模式的理论模型,为研究散体材料结构自组织临界性系统的可预测性及灾害预测预报提供了科学依据.     

Quantitative analysis on distribution of modifier in microstructure of SBS modified asphalt

A method was developed to make a quantitative analysis of the microstructure of asphalt modified with styrene-butadiene-styrene block(SBS) copolymer. Moreover, both mixed and branched SBS were employed in the preparation of modified asphalt. By sampling specimens from the top, middle, and bottom, a number of microscope slides were made and 400 times micro images were gained. Binarized with the software of MATLAB, the images then went to the process of distribution test, when four typical distributions were employed to investigate the distribution of modifi er spread in asphalt. The distribution characteristic and its parameter were both found. The results show that asphalt phase clearly obeys Poisson distribution, and its parameter, λ, is bond up with the condition SBS performs in. Based on this parameter, indexes can be set up to evaluate the structure of the mixture and its performance as well. Compared with that modifi ed with mixed SBS, the asphalt modifi ed with branched SBS has better performance but worse stability, for it is easier to segregate.     

Mechanism of Fume Suppression and Performance on Asphalt of Expanded Graphite for Pavement under High Temperature Condition

Fume suppression mechanisms and the effect of expanded graphite on the performance of asphalt were studied by applying infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and comprehensive thermal analysis(TG, DSC). The experimental results confirm that asphalt which is mixed with expandable graphite will expand in the process of hot mix, and the expanded graphite layer will swell by the light component in the asphalt. The light component in the asphalt and PAHs adsorption on expanded graphite surface or part of the plug in the expanded graphite layer between plates made nucleation crystallization growth. And the Van der Waals force and the bonding of the lattice can effectively restrain the asphalt fume release. Meanwhile, the expanding agent with oxidative can spread into the asphalt, leading to asphalt oxygenated and plastic abate, while the ductility decreases. Expanded graphite, SBS modifier and environment- friendly plasticizers are used to composite modified asphalt. According to asphalt fume release experiment, normal test of asphalt performance, Brookfield viscosity test, RTFOT test and asphalt mixture tests(high temperature stability, low temperature stability, water stability), it has been proven that the modified asphalt's performance is better than that of matrix asphalt and equivalent to that of SBS modified asphalt. Furthermore, it has good fume suppression effect.     

厂拌泡沫沥青冷再生混合料在城市路面改造中的应用

泡沫沥青冷再生技术是一项绿色环保技术。文中简要介绍了泡沫沥青冷再生的作用机理和厂拌泡沫沥青冷再生混合料施工工艺流程,结合沧州市解放路的路面改造工程的施工,论述了泡沫沥青冷再生混合料的组成设计和路面施工方法,总结了泡沫沥青冷再生施工工艺的质量控制要点。     

空心板桥防水粘结层性能分析及试验研究

针对装配式空心板桥的防水粘结层的力学性能进行了研究,同时评价了HUT-1桥面防水涂料、SBS改性沥青和乳化沥青三种防水粘结材料的粘结性能,其测试结果是在-25℃条件下HUT-1桥面防水涂料在1.4kg/m2用量下抗剪强度达到最大值,SBS改性沥青和乳化沥青都是在1.2kg/m2用量下抗剪强度达到最大值,25℃条件下不同涂抹量的抗剪强度试验变化趋势与-25℃条件下不同涂抹量的抗剪强度试验变化趋势相近,说明自然环境温度对粘结层力学性能的影响不大.