添加固体废弃物的硅藻土基多孔材料的制备

硅藻土作为主要基料,白云石为添加剂,加入其他固废物,制备了一种新型多孔材料。通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜及强度、吸水率等测试手段对制品进行了分析,探讨了硅藻土、白云石不同固体废弃物对多孔材料形成和性能的影响。研究表明,在硅藻土、白云石、粉煤灰、熟污泥的质量分数分别为45%、35%、10%、10%时,经1 020℃烧成并保温30min形成的多孔材料的密度为1.36g/cm3,孔隙率45%,吸水率为25%,抗折强度达12.43MPa,通过物相分析其多孔材料的成分主要晶相为莫来石与钙长石及透辉石。     

Feasibility analysis of high excess pressure cockpit using material substitution based on strain energy

The design concept of high excess pressure cockpit has been proposed as a solution to solve the ergonomics problems caused by cockpit environment.To address the contradiction among mass,economy,maneuverability and environment ergonomics,considering the composite advantages of high strength and lightweight,the feasibility analysis concept of high excess pressure cockpit based on material substitution is proposed in the paper.Based on the strain energy analysis on finite element model,the iteration design method of equal stiffness and lightening effect analysis on material substitution are presented,The weight reduction effect after material substitution can be evaluated intuitively by using equal stiffness curve.The calculation result of cockpit indicates that the lightening effect can reach 35.09%.Because of the complexity of cockpit design,bi-level optimization method is proposed and performed by means of the First-Order Radio algorithm.The research shows that the method can achieve good result.The feasibility of high excess pressure cockpit is studied from the aspect of the relationship between excess pressure and mass,and the research demonstrates that,due to the utilization of T300/4211 in place of 6061 alloy,the excess pressure of cockpit increases from 35 to 45 kPa,a 28.57%increase,while the cockpit mass is decreased by 12.56%.Thus,the contradiction among mass,economy and environment ergonomics can be coordinated,which can provide a reference for the design of high excess pressure cockpit.     

基于微观力学分析的散粒体静力液化本构模型

针对散粒体的静力液化特性,在散粒体颗粒运动微观力学分析的基础上,在临界状态土力学框架内建立了一个简单的静力液化弹塑性本构模型.模型屈服函数和和硬化规律根据Chang提出的砂土微观力学模型,通过积分粒间接触力为宏观的应力不变量而建立,考虑了与材料状态相关的剪胀性和初始密度对散粒体应力-应变关系的影响,并采用非相关联的流动法则.模型参数简单且有较明确物理意义,可以通过室内三轴试验确定.模型的数值结果与Toyoura砂以及砂-粉混合土的三轴不排水剪切试验的应力-应变曲线和应力路径吻合较好.     

Mn2+掺杂对LiFePO4正极材料结构、性能及嵌锂动力学的影响

为了改善橄榄石型LiFePO4正极材料的性能,采用高温固相法合成了Mn掺杂的LiMnxFe1-xPO4(x=0,0.10,0.25,0.40,0.50)材料.采用X射线粉末衍射、扫描电子显微镜、充放电测试、循环伏安和电化学阻抗谱研究了材料的结构、电化学性能和锂离子嵌脱动力学.结果表明,锰掺杂的LiFePO4样品颗粒分布比较均匀,具有较小的平均粒径和窄的粒度分布,LiMnxFe1-xPO4是纯相的橄榄石结构.在不同倍率下,LiMn0.4Fe0.6PO4具有最高的放电容量和最好的动力学性能.Mn的掺杂提高了LiFePO4材料的可逆性、锂离子扩散系数和放电容量,减小了电荷转移电阻,进而提高了其动力学性能.     

Effects of surface-activated coal gangue aggregates on properties of cement-based materials

Effects of calcined coal gangue （CG） aggregates treated by the surface thermal activation on the flowability and strength, and paste-CG aggregate interfaces of the cement-based material were investigated. The experimental results show that the compressive and flexural strength of the cement-based material with the calcined CG aggregates is much higher than that of the material with the natural CG aggregates, but the flowability of the material with calcined CG is significantly reduced with the calcined time. The strength of the material with the calcined CG aggregates only increases little with the calcined time at the same w/c ratio, but is reduced with the calcined time at the same flowability. The CG aggregates calcined by the surface thermal activation obviously overcomes the disadvantages of fully calcined CG.     

封闭型地质构造诱发煤与瓦斯突出的力学特性模拟试验

运用自行研发的大型三维煤与瓦斯突出模拟试验装置,模拟研究了石门揭露前方封闭型地质构造破坏区过程中围岩应力和瓦斯压力的分布及变化规律.结果表明:受构造应力影响,封闭型地质构造破坏区围岩初始应力较高,为正常区域初始应力的1.5～1.7倍;石门巷道推进过程中,封闭型地质构造破坏区围岩应力进一步增加,可达正常区域煤岩初始应力的2倍以上;封闭型地质构造破坏区临揭露前,仍然保持着较高的围岩应力和瓦斯压力,形成异常高的应力梯度和瓦斯压力梯度,为煤与瓦斯突出的发生提供了有利条件.     

均匀设计在物理模型试验相似材料配比试验中的应用

在物理模型试验中,相似材料的配制及试验对模型试验的成功与否具有重要的作用.基于均匀设计方法,以松香含量、砂∶重晶石粉、铁粉含量、石膏含量作为正交设计的4个因素,每个因素设置6个水平,设计了6组材料配比方案,进行了室内单轴压缩、劈裂和直剪试验,获得了不同配比相似材料的容重、抗压强度、抗拉强度、弹性模量、泊松比、内摩擦角和黏聚力等物理力学指标.结果表明,配制的相似材料的物理力学参数覆盖的范围较大,能够满足不同岩体性质物理模型试验对相似材料的要求;结合工程实例,基于相似材料试验结果,进行了物理模型试验的设计和相似材料配比方案的选择.     

污泥资源化关键装置的构造设计

为解决城市生活污水处理后的副产品污泥的二次污染问题,提出将有害的污泥变成有用资源的机械设计模型。基于污泥脱水后与煤粉颗粒混合、成型形成可燃烧燃料的功能规划,在研究分析机构混合送进腔型和湿固体颗粒体物料受力运动之间的相互牵连关系的基础上,以进出物料总量的平衡和湿固体颗粒体物料在机构中充分混合的运动特性为理论依据,建立了以曲线外壁、变螺距螺旋叶片腔型的结构模型,经试验验证,获得污泥资源化关键装置结构模型的参数与约束关系,由此为自主研制开发新型高效的现代污水处理装置的关键设备提供理论基础。     

变化条件下应急物资物流方案的动态可拓决策

在应急物资的供需地之间存在由多种运输、中转方式组成的多种物流方案,各物流方案技术经济影响因素不一,方案决策会因时空、条件和决策者要求等因素而有所变化。根据应急物资物流运作的流程、特点和可拓决策理论,通过引入变权因子,构造了在多个定性与定量决策因素约束下的基于变权的应急物流方案可拓决策模型,动态地反映应急物流方案中影响因素的重要度,并采用最小二乘法优选准则,计算备选方案的正隶属度来确定最优物流方案。     

工程车辆驾驶室声学特性预测研究

建立某型工程车辆驾驶室的结构有限元模型、空腔声学有限元模型。对驾驶室结构和室内空腔声场进行模态分析,得到结构振动特性和声学特性。计算分析驾驶室声一结构耦合模型在特定频率激励下的噪声分布情况,同时考虑吸声材料对驾驶员耳旁声压级值的影响,总结出在新车型开发阶段进行车内噪声预测和控制研究的有效方法。