刚果(金)某氧化铜精矿还原熔炼渣型优化实验

刚果（金）某地区经浮选得到的氧化铜精矿,含铜28.39 %,矿石中的铜主要赋存在孔雀石中。在实际生产中,采用鼓风炉还原熔炼处理该类氧化铜精矿,存在熔炼温度较高、氧化钙添加量大、熔炼渣含铜偏高的问题,为此,进行渣型优化实验研究,考察了还原焦比、CaO:SiO2比和氧化亚铁加入量对氧化铜精矿还原熔炼的影响。结果表明,在还原熔炼时,焦比主要影响粗铜产率和铜回收率,CaO:SiO2主要影响渣中铜含量,熔炼温度是影响渣黏度的主要因素。在还原焦比为5 %,选择酸性熔炼渣型,渣中CaO:SiO2为0.4-0.55,FeO:SiO2为0.13条件下,渣含铜可降至0.4 %以下,铜回收率在98 %以上。     

铜渣改性制备多孔硅酸盐负载微纳米零价铁及其去除废水中的Cr(VI)

本研究以铜渣为原料,通过碳热还原法制备多孔硅酸盐负载型微纳米铁（简称微纳米铁）,用于去除废水中的Cr（VI）。研究了微纳米铁的制备条件和废水降解条件对去除Cr（VI）的影响,并探究了相关的反应机理。结果表明,在焙烧温度为1 150℃、焙烧时间为40 min、煤用量为25%的条件下制备的微纳米铁去除Cr（VI）的效率最高。扫描电子显微镜和能谱分析表明,铜渣还原焙烧后形成多孔结构,硅酸盐孔洞表面镶嵌大量纳米级至微米级零价铁颗粒。增加微纳米铁的用量、提高废水温度和降低溶液的初始pH值,可以提高Cr（VI）的去除率。在微纳米铁用量为1 g/L、废水温度为27℃、初始pH为3的条件下,处理浓度为10 mg/L的废水,反应2.5 min即可去除100%的Cr（VI）。机理分析表明,微纳米铁与Cr（VI）发生了氧化还原反应,Cr（VI）被还原生成Cr（Ⅲ）并被矿化为铬铁矿。     

高深直溜井卸矿口产尘规律及防治技术研究

针对夏甸金矿高深直溜井卸矿口的产尘能力、含尘气流时空演化规律及粒度分布规律进行了分析。卸矿口逸散含尘气流中,10μm粒径以上的粉尘占比为7%,而粒径在10μm以下的粉尘占比93%,呼吸性粉尘占比高。基于现场的通风条件、卸矿口尺寸面积及产尘规律,采用fluent软件进行模拟,对比分析了密闭抽尘前后的含尘气流运动轨迹,提出了密闭抽尘净化的治理措施。治理后高深直溜井卸矿口逸散的总粉尘浓度由420 mg/m3降低至8.7 mg/m3,降尘效率达到了97%以上,有效地解决了高深直溜井卸矿口粉尘逸散污染问题。     

矿井煤层底板承压水防治措施与应用研究

某井田周围的水源丰富,导致煤矿开采过程中出现了严重的涌水问题,对煤矿生产安全构成了一定程度的威胁。在对井田特征及主要水体进行简要介绍的基础上,分析了井田附近的水文地质特征。基于钻孔实验研究了11100掘进工作面围岩的水文地质情况,基于实验结果对工作面不同区域进行分区。利用综合探测、疏水降压和注浆加固技术制定了煤层底板承压水防治措施方案。通过实践应用发现取得了很好的效果,疏放水量达到了2万m³,工作面底板的钻孔承压值由最大时的0.76 MPa降到0。     

碳中和背景下配电网差异化节能降耗潜力评估分

为了提高配电网差异化节能降耗效果,解决现有潜力评估方法存在的应用性能差的问题,提出碳中和背景下配电网差异化节能降耗潜力优化评估方法。根据配电网的空间结构,构建相应的等值电路模型。在该模型下,从设备损耗和运行附加损耗2个方面计算配电网的损耗量。根据损耗量计算结果,确定配电网差异化碳中和节能降耗方式。从静态和动态2个角度设置潜力评估指标,通过指标数据处理、指标权重求解等步骤,得出配电网差异化节能降耗潜力的综合量化评估结果。将设计潜力评估方法应用到配电网的差异化节能降耗改造工作中,能够有效降低配电网的实际线损量、降低区域损耗费用,并具有较高的应用价值。     

Magnetically Recyclable Catalytic Carbon Nanoreactors

Multifunctional nanoreactors are assembled using hollow graphitized carbon nanofibers (GNFs) combined with nanocatalysts (Pd or Pt) and magnetic nanoparticles. The latter are introduced in the form of carbon‐coated cobalt nanomagnets (Co@C_n) adsorbed on GNF, or formed directly on GNF from ferrocene yielding carbon‐coated iron nanomagnets (Fe@C_n). High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy demonstrates that Co@C_n and Fe@C_n are attached effectively to the GNFs, and the loading of nanomagnets required for separation of the nanoreactors from the solution with an external magnetic field is determined using UV–vis spectroscopy. Magnetically functionalized GNFs combined with palladium or platinum nanoparticles result in catalytically active magnetically separable nanoreactors. Applied to the reduction of nitrobenzene the multifunctional nanoreactors demonstrate high activity and excellent durability, while their magnetic recovery enables significant improvement in the reuse of the nanocatalyst over five reaction cycles (catalyst loss < 0.5 wt%) as compared to the catalyst recovery by filtration (catalyst loss <10 wt%).     

Evaluation across and within collaborative manufacturing networks: a comparison of manufacturers’ interactions and attributes

Evaluation on collaborative manufacturing network (CMN) structure characteristics has important implications for network operations such as production decision-making, product recovery, creating consensus. Several recent studies suggest that augmenting network structure with nodes’ attributes can provide a more fine-grained understanding of the network. However, there have been few studies to provide a systematic understanding of these effects in a CMN at scale. This gap is bridged using an industrial printing machinery CMN data-set collected on a web-based producing and outsourcing service platform. Novel phenomena with respect to both interaction and attribute metrics across and within the CMNs are observed. Moreover, although many studies employ either interaction or attribute data to study the relative roles of manufacturers in a CMN, relatively little is known about the relationship between these two types of data. This study explores this relationship by comparing two defined metrics (i.e. relational capability and node capability), which evaluate the manufacturers’ interactions and attributes, respectively. We examine to what extent the two metrics of manufacturers correlate with each other, and how possible dissimilarities and similarities can be explained based on the collected industrial CMN data-set. The insights thereby provide a better basis for efficient operations decision-making in CMN.     

Finite element analyses of slope stability problems using non-associated plasticity

In recent years, finite element analyses have increasingly been utilized for slope stability problems. In comparison to limit equilibrium methods, numerical analyses do not require any definition of the failure mechanism a priori and enable the determination of the safety level more accurately. The paper compares the performances of strength reduction finite element analysis (SRFEA) with finite element limit analysis (FELA), whereby the focus is related to non-associated plasticity. Displacement-based finite element analyses using a strength reduction technique suffer from numerical instabilities when using non-associated plasticity, especially when dealing with high friction angles but moderate dilatancy angles. The FELA on the other hand provides rigorous upper and lower bounds of the factor of safety (FoS) but is restricted to associated flow rules. Suggestions to overcome this problem, proposed by Davis (1968), lead to conservative FoSs; therefore, an enhanced procedure has been investigated. When using the modified approach, both the SRFEA and the FELA provide very similar results. Further studies highlight the advantages of using an adaptive mesh refinement to determine FoSs. Additionally, it is shown that the initial stress field does not affect the FoS when using a Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion.     

Astragali Radix-derived nitrogen-doped porous carbon: An efficient electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction

The development of biomass-derived nitrogen-doped porous carbons (NPCs) for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is important for sustainable energy systems. Herein, NPCs derived from Astragali Radix (AR) via a cost-effective strategy are reported for the first time. The as-prepared AR-950-5 catalyst shows a stacked layer-like structure and porosity. Notably, the optimized AR-950-5 delivers catalytic activity comparable to that of commercial Pt/C (C-Pt/C), with high onset potential, positive half-wave potential and large limiting current density. It also displays superior long-term stability and methanol tolerance for ORR. This work will pave the way for a new approach in the development of highly active and low-cost NPCs for fuel cells.     

The role of arginine as nitrogen doping and carbon source for enhanced oxygen reduction reaction

Doped carbon nanostructures as non-precious metal (NPM) catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acid medium are mainly synthesized using 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis (4-methoxyphenyl)-porphyrin-Fe (III) chloride (Fe-TMPP) as doping and carbon sources. In this study, the doped carbon nanostructures used as cathode NPM catalysts for ORR are prepared using a mixture of iron phthalocyanine (FePc) and arginine as doping and carbon sources. The morphology and composition of the as-prepared samples are characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, field-emission transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The crystal and pore structures are analyzed using X-ray diffraction method, Raman spectroscopy, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption method. The sample prepared using a precursor mixture with a proper ratio of FePc and arginine exhibits significantly superior ORR performance, i.e. high specific activity, enhanced half-wave potential, and improved stability in an acid medium, as even compared to a commercial Pt/C. The improved ORR properties is mainly attributed to high portion of pyridinic N state with a relatively high specific surface area, which can result from the FePc precursor surrounded by the fused arginine.