液碱法分解氟碳铈矿生产氯化稀土的研究

在２２０～２５０℃时，氟碳铈矿与氢氧化钠按１∶１１５的比例，于密闭容器中反应，稀土及其它金属元素生成氢氧化物沉淀，Ｆ－、ＣＯ２－３、ＳｉＯ２－３等离子存在于碱液中。用盐酸浸出氢氧化物后，采用水洗涤、碱回调等方法去杂，可生产ＲＥＯ含量为４８％的氯化稀土。实验室与工业生产中稀土总回收率分别为９４２２％和９４７１％。     

亚氯酸盐对大鼠仔鼠的运动神经毒理学影响

为研究二氧化氯在水消毒过程中的主要副产物——亚氯酸盐对人体健康的影响,通过前肌力测试、脑部解剖学观察等运动神经毒理项目的测试等研究手段,研究30、120和 360 mg/L的亚氯酸盐对3代Wistar大鼠仔鼠运动神经系统的毒性．结果表明:亚氯酸钠对Wistar大鼠仔鼠并未表现出明显的毒理学效应和剂量效应关系,但部分360 mg/L剂量组仔鼠小脑发生病变; 对于Wistar大鼠仔鼠运动神经发育无明显副作用的剂量值为30 mg/L,亚氯酸盐在饮用水中的最大污染水平目标值为1.1 mg/L．     

Polymeric Films Containing Sodium Chlorite That Release Disinfectant Gas upon Activation with UV Light

Polymeric films that release disinfectant gas on demand have the potential to be useful for management of microbial burden (e.g., sterilization). Past attempts to create such films, however, have suffered from the need for stringent control over moisture or exposure to visible light prior to use. It is reported that polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or polyolefin (POD) films that contain NaClO₂ crystals can release ClO₂ gas upon UV‐activation and exposure to moisture. In addition to showing that the concentration of gaseous ClO₂ released from the polymeric films is sufficiently high for antimicrobial activity, fundamental insights into factors controlling ClO₂ release are provided by using atomic force microscopy, optical microscopy, Raman microscopy, and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Specifically, by determining the sizes of the polymer‐dispersed NaClO₂ particles, support for the hypothesis that UV light activates an interfacial layer of the NaClO₂ crystals to generate ClO₂ is obtained. Additionally, it is found that the half‐life of the UV‐activated state of NaClO₂ depends on the reactivity of the polymer matrix. Because both PVA and POD possess properties analogous to polymers used in packaging films, it is concluded that the approach described in this study may enable introduction of deodorizing or antimicrobial functional properties into polymeric packaging.     

锦屏二级水电站1~#引水隧洞绿泥石片岩洞段处理技术与应用

针对锦屏二级水电站1#引水隧洞绿泥石片岩洞段施工期间出现塌方、围岩变形松弛、初期支护围岩变形收敛缓慢、普通水泥固结灌浆无法达到设计要求等技术难题,及时调整优化设计参数和施工方案,采取了二次扩挖、超前支护、加强系统支护、钢拱架支护、锚索支护、细水泥灌浆等综合工程措施,成功地解决了绿泥石片岩软岩洞段围岩抗变形稳定问题。     

塔中隆起志留系沥青砂岩油气储层自生伊利石K-Ar同位素测年研究与成藏年代探讨

据自生伊利石K-Ar同位素测年技术对塔中隆起志留系沥青砂岩油藏成藏年代的测定,并与孔雀河地区进行对比.塔中隆起及孔雀河地区志留系沥青砂岩的自生伊利石年龄为383.45～203.96 Ma,表明主要为晚加里东—早海西期和晚海西期成藏,位于盆地边部的乔1井、孔雀1井及龙口1井、英南2井相对较早(383.45～271.20 Ma),主要为晚加里东—早海西期成藏,位于盆地中心的塔中37井、塔中67井、塔中12井及塔中32井相对较晚(203.96～235.17 Ma),主要为晚海西期成藏,部分井如塔中23井、塔中30井相对较早(293.54和296.31 Ma),为早海西期成藏.自生伊利石年龄与沥青砂岩厚度具有较好的对应关系,说明古构造格局可能是主要的成藏控制因素之一,位于沉降中心及其周围的古油藏如乔1井、孔雀1井成藏较早.测年结果不仅与油气系统等常规油气成藏史研究成果基本一致,而且还进一步反映了油藏形成时间上的差异.     

Integrated Process for Purification of Low Grade Talc Ores

This study examines the development of an integrated process for separation and purification of low grade talc ores. This procedure involves leaching with HCl to dissolve gangue minerals and to purify a low purity talc ore containing up to 40% gangue minerals. Also, all cations from gangue minerals are recovered as hydroxides via selective precipitation. The effects of acid concentration, talc/acid solution ratio, time, and reaction temperature on talc purification were studied and the optimal conditions were determined. Laboratory-scale tests revealed that the resulting talc is free of gangue minerals, consisting of small particles with nanometric thicknesses. Reactants are fully consumed during dissolution and byproducts like ammonium chloride could be recirculated and reused. Resulting hydroxides can be used as a coagulation aid for water treatment.     

原地自生封堵转向酸的研究

利用酸化材料自身水解及水解产物与钙离子发生沉淀反应的原理,研制出了一种新型转向酸。对该转向酸进行了溶蚀实验、静态腐蚀速率、酸液驱替及渗透率以及残酸界面张力等测定,并采用SEM和XRD检测手段对酸液转向机理进行了分析。研究结果表明:该转向酸比盐酸具有更好的缓速性及低腐蚀性,在中低渗碳酸盐岩心中转向能力达到15%,为盐酸的5倍以上,且转向酸残酸的黏度接近清水、油水界面张力低于10 m N/m,能顺利返排。SEM和XRD检测手段结果表明,该转向酸可在岩石表面产生少量二水硫酸钙微溶物,延缓酸岩反应,从而促使酸液向低渗储层转向。该原地自生封堵转向酸可实现酸液就地转向,达到均匀布酸目的。     

由一起亚氯酸钠爆炸事故引发的思考

介绍了一起亚氯酸钠爆炸事故的简况,通过引用前人有关亚氯酸钠爆炸的例证,详细分析了这起亚氯酸钠爆炸的可能起因,以期为预防此类事故的发生提供对策。     

次氯酸钠装置的技术改造

结合盐化工总厂生产实际 ,采用三塔“二对一”工艺进行次氯酸钠装置技术改造 ,既保证了装置运行的安全性 ,又扩大了生产能力。介绍了将氯水替代纯水用于生产高纯次氯酸钠的实际效果 ,并对项目的经济效益和社会效益做出了初步分析     

管材对Cl2-ClO2联合消毒亚氯酸盐生成情况的影响

为了解氯／二氧化氯联合消毒方式对消毒副产物的影响,提高供水的安全可靠性,使用静态管段反应器进行实验,选取3种常用管材,研究氯／二氧化氯联合消毒时,管材对氯／二氧化氯联合消毒过程中亚氯酸盐生成情况的影响．结果表明:对于两种联合消毒方式,各种情况下均在PVC管中亚氯酸盐的生成量最高,而在金属管材中较低．不同之处在于:混合投加氯和二氧化氯过程中,随着混合消毒剂中二氧化氯所占比例的缩小,氯所占比例的增加,铸铁管中亚氯酸盐的生成量逐渐增加．而先加氯再加二氧化氯的情况是亚氯酸盐生成量始终是铸铁高于不锈钢．