Cs~+和Yb~(3+)在方解石、高岭石、蒙脱石、绿泥石和海绿石上的吸附实验研究

用静态平衡批试法和放射性示踪技术研究了Cs^ 和Yb^3 共存条件下，在方解石、高岭石、蒙脱石、绿泥石和海绿石等5种矿物上的吸附行为。结果表明，在相同实验条件下（液相初始酸度、液固相比和金属离子初始浓度），按单位质量矿物的吸附量计，蒙脱石对Cs^ 和Yb^3 的吸附能力明显强于其它矿物，而其它矿物对Cs^＋的吸附能力的差异相对不大。Cs^ 和Yb^3 的吸附率，均随金属离子初始浓度的增大呈现减小趋势，但Yb^3 的变化趋势更大。所有吸附等温线均符合Freundlich等温式方程。在实验所用溶液酸度条件下，Cs^ ,Yb^3 在高岭石、蒙脱石和绿泥石中的吸附作用有可能以离子交换反应为主。     

深部砂岩异常孔隙的保存机制研究

该文跟踪国外含油气盆地深部勘探研究的最新进展,在总结深部砂体发育异常孔隙的机理及控制因素基础上,以四川盆地川西坳陷中深部沙溪庙组(J₂s)储层为例,探讨了原生粒间孔隙的保存机制,指出绿泥石包膜、早期油气充注及异常高压发育是川西地区J₂s粒间孔隙发育的主要机制。      

KClO3中ClO2^-的定量分析（Ⅰ）碘量滴定法

配制ClO3^-和微量ClO2^-混和存在的溶液,ρ（ClO3^-）=34．1g／L,ρ（ClO2^-）=208mg／L,尝试以碘量法直接测定其中亚氯酸根离子的含量。考察了测定条件及向待测溶液中添加ClO4^-离子对分析结果的影响,确定了适用方法的测定程序、精密度、准确度和该方法可以较方便检测的最低ClO2^-浓度。测定过程的关键之处是使用约0．5mol／L的盐酸来调节待测溶液的pH值。     

Chlorine dioxide disinfection of drinking water—An evaluation of a treatment plant

A treatment plant for lake Kinneret water, comprising treatment by two filtration steps, flocculation and disinfection with chlorine dioxide, was studied with a view to evaluating the effect of ClO₂ disinfection on drinking water quality and determining the optimal mode of operation for the treatment plant. Four modes of operation were studied and the optimal mode was defined as that in which the flocculant (aluminium sulphate) was introduced before the first, and ClO₂ after the second, filtration.

The finished water contained a residue of approx. 0.2 mgl⁻¹ ClO₂, approx. 0.35 mgl⁻¹ ClO₂⁻ and low concentrations of suspended matter (1.5 mgl⁻¹) and of chlorophyll (0.1 μgl⁻¹). Trihalomethane concentrations were negligible, and the bacteriological quality of the water was within the health authorities' requirements. It was shown that disinfection of treated water (after flocculation and filtration) was much more effective than that of raw water. Furthermore, disinfection in the optimal mode prevents accumulation of high chlorite concentrations leaving a residue of ClO₂.     

二氧化氯在饮用水处理中的应用研究

文章介绍了一个采用二氧化氯对饮用水处理的改进方案,能有效控制水中的三氯甲烷及亚氯酸盐的生成,该技术改善了的水质,降低了生产成本。     

绿泥石片岩遇水软化的强度试验及机理研究

选取四川省雅砻江锦屏二级水电站地下围岩绿泥石片岩,分别用饱和NaCl溶液和蒸馏水进行饱和,利用RMT试验机和MTS试验机进行单轴和普通三轴的室内强度试验,分别测定绿泥石片岩在两种饱和状态和干燥状态下的强度指标。对比绿泥石片岩力学参数的变化,通过对岩石双电层进行微观机理分析,得出绿泥石片岩遇水后强度有显著的降低,表现出明显的遇水软化特性;软化的主要原因是岩石周围双电层的影响,且双电层厚度越厚,岩石强度降低越多;双电层厚度越薄,岩石强度降低越少。     

鄂尔多斯盆地镇北地区长8油层组自生绿泥石对储层物性的影响

自生绿泥石是砂岩储层中常见的成岩矿物,对储层物性具有重要影响。通过普通薄片、铸体薄片及扫描电镜观察,对鄂尔多斯盆地镇北地区长8油层组砂岩储层中自生绿泥石的形成机制及其对储层物性的影响进行了深入研究。研究表明:①该区自生绿泥石主要以黏土膜和玫瑰花状2种形式产出,黏土膜内层的颗粒黏土包膜自同沉积时期开始形成,转变为自生绿泥石后,黏土膜外层的孔隙衬里绿泥石于中成岩期呈叶状或针状垂直于内层包膜向孔隙方向生长;玫瑰花状绿泥石于晚成岩期在较大孔隙内形成。②自生绿泥石对储层物性的影响表现在2个方面:一方面自生绿泥石可通过改变孔隙微区环境及占据颗粒表面空间,阻止自生石英在碎屑石英表面成核来抑制石英次生加大,从而保存原生孔隙;另一方面自生绿泥石在保存原生孔隙的同时,占据了喉道空间,使砂岩储层的渗透性降低,其含量与渗透率呈负相关性。     

Effects of Water,Sodium Hypochlorite,Peroxyacetic Acid,and Acidified Sodium Chlorite on In‐Shell Hazelnuts Inoculated with Salmonella Enterica Serovar Panama

Recent foodborne disease outbreaks involving minimally processed tree nuts have generated a need for improved sanitation procedures. Chemical sprays and dips have shown promise for reducing pathogens on fresh produce, but little research has been conducted for in‐shell hazelnuts. This study analyzed the effectiveness of 3 chemical sanitizers for reducing Salmonella on in‐shell hazelnuts. Treatments of water, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl; 25 and 50 ppm), peroxyacetic acid (PAA; 80 and 120 ppm), and acidified sodium chlorite (ASC; 450, 830, and 1013 ppm) were sprayed onto hazelnut samples inoculated with Salmonella enterica serovar Panama. Hazelnut samples were immersed in liquid cultures of S. Panama for 24 h, air‐dried, and then sprayed with water and chemical treatments. Inoculation achieved S. Panama populations of approximately 8.04 log CFU/hazelnut. Surviving S. panama populations were evaluated using a nonselective medium (tryptic soy agar), incubated 3 h, and then overlaid with selective media (xylose lysine deoxycholate agar). All of the chemical treatments significantly reduced S. Panama populations (P ≤ 0.0001). The most effective concentrations of ASC, PAA, and NaOCl treatments reduced populations by 2.65, 1.46, and 0.66 log units, respectively. ASC showed the greatest potential for use as a postharvest sanitation treatment.     

PORE‐LINING CHLORITE CEMENTS IN LACUSTRINE‐DELTAIC SANDSTONES FROM THE UPPER TRIASSIC YANCHANG FORMATION,ORDOS BASIN,CHINA

Non‐marine sandstones in the upper Triassic Yanchang Formation constitute an important reservoir rock in the Zhenjing area of SW Ordos Basin, Central China. A study of the diagenetic history of these sandstones, including the formation of pore‐lining chlorite cements, was undertaken to investigate controls on reservoir quality. Data came from the petrographic analysis of cores from five wells. The sandstones were deposited in a lacustrine‐deltaic setting and consist of fine‐to medium‐grained feldspathic litharenites and lithic arkoses, and in general have low porosity and permeability. The principal diagenetic processes observed were compaction, cementation, dissolution and replacement. Mechanical compaction and calcite cementation caused a reduction in reservoir quality. The precipitation of pore‐lining chlorite inhibited quartz cementation and preserved porosities of up to 16%. The chlorite occurs in a double layer which lines pore spaces, particularly in distributary channel sandstones. Both chlorite layers grew by precipitation from pore waters containing the products of dissolution of volcanic rock fragments, biotites and feldspars. An increase of temperature during diagenesis was probably the cause of the two generations of chlorite cement, and also of the observed variations in elemental concentrations between the earlier‐ and later‐formed chlorite. The chlorite was precipitated after early compaction but before other diagenetic phases.     

滇东北黑色岩系储层特征及含气性控制因素

云南省东北部地区是中国南方海相页岩气勘探的有利目标区之一,该区下寒武统牛蹄塘组和下志留统龙马溪组中黑色岩系广泛发育。在深入了解区域地质背景的基础上,利用页岩气钻井资料对该区黑色岩系储层特征进行了研究,并探讨了页岩气含量的控制因素。结果表明：①该区黑色岩系可细分为黑色页岩、硅质页岩、钙质页岩、粉砂质页岩、碳质页岩、泥铁质粉砂岩、泥质粉砂岩及泥晶灰岩等8种岩性;②黑色岩系总有机碳含量介于0.02%～9.37%,有机质类型以混合型干酪根为主;③岩心孔隙度介于0.22%～4.06%、渗透率介于0.000 002 9～0.7 mD,孔隙以微孔为主（小于10 nm）。该区已钻的9口井页岩含气量总体偏低（平均只有0.42 m³/t）且页岩气含量差异较大。结论认为：在宽缓向斜和断层发育少的构造区域,页岩矿物中斜长石、碳酸盐和黏土矿物（伊利石、绿泥石和伊蒙混层）等的含量大小影响了页岩气含量的高低;伊利石含量介于25%～40%时页岩含气量相对较高,普遍大于0.5 m³/t,伊利石含量大于40%,页岩气含气量普通低于0.5 m³/t;绿泥石含量介于15%～25%时,页岩含气量相对较高;斜长石含量大于10%时,页岩气含气量普遍低于0.5 m³/t;碳酸盐类矿物含量越高,则页岩气含气量越低。