中国钼业发展近况与建议

回顾了“十五”期间我国在钼资源、钼外贸、钼顺差、钼铁出口、国内钼消费、钼生产工艺和装备等方面所取得的成绩，针对如何使我国钼工业沿着持续、平稳快速发展的道路提出了建议。     

紧束缚近似下电子热容量的计算

在紧束缚近似下采用LCAO的方法计算了简单立方晶格中原子s态和p态形成的能带，从而推导出s态和p态的电子热容量的一般表达式，并与自由电子热容量进行了比较．     

Review and simplification of calculations in15N tracer studies

Calculations in nitrogen (N) balance research using¹⁵N involve several steps that require care to avoid errors. The objective of this paper is to provide examples of these calculations using established procedures and to present shortened alternative calculations that give the same result. The calculations examined include determination of the amount of N to apply, determination of the atom %¹⁵N abundance needed in the labeled fertilizer, preparation of the labeled fertilizer, and calculation of the fertilizer N recovered. Calculations needed in the preparation of the labeled fertilizer using established procedures include the determination of the mean atomic weight of the enriched source from which the labeled fertilizer is prepared. This determination is not needed in the shortened alternative calculations, because the procedure places the calculations on a mole basis rather than a mass basis.     

电子直线加速器的温度瞬态问题

文章运用逐步逼近法求出了电子直线加速器在升温过程中温度变化的较精确的解析解,并对一种U型水冷系统的加速器作了详细分析,从瞬态变化的角度讨论了这种水冷系统的性能,研讨了电子束能量变化及时间常数。结果与实验吻合。     

Monte Carlo simulations on the effects of nanoparticles on chain deformations and reinforcement in amorphous polyethylene networks

Reinforcing effects in an amorphous polyethylene matrix were estimated for spherical filler particles arranged either on a cubic lattice or randomly in space. Attention was first focused on the effects of the type of arrangement of the particles on the microscopic properties of the polymer chains. Specifically, Monte Carlo rotational isomeric state (MC-RIS) simulations were carried out to predict the effects of the volumes excluded by the filler particles on the configurational distribution functions of the chains, and from these distributions the elastomeric properties of the composites. The calculations were carried out for a range of particle sizes and particle volume fractions. As expected, filler inclusions are found to increase the non-Gaussian behavior of the chains. The results were compared with those from small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments. In the case of arrangement on a cubic lattice, chains dimensions were always found to decrease. In the randomly-dispersed filler arrangements, there were significant increases in chain dimensions relative to the unfilled system in some instances, and the changes were in excellent agreement with the SANS results. The present simulations thus give further encouragement to interpretations of chain deformations in filled systems in terms of volume exclusion effects from the nanoparticle inclusions, including their dispersions and arrangements within polymer matrices.     

简支Z型檩条在风吸力作用下应力分布及极限状态研究

轻钢工业厂房中,Z型檩条在其截面的非对称平面内承受风荷载,上翼缘受压型钢板连续约束作用而下翼缘自由,应力分布比较复杂,存在局部或整体稳定问题,是围护结构抗风设计的主要控制因素。基于薄壁杆件结构力学以及经典梁理论,分析了简支Z型檩条在风吸力作用时考虑压型钢板对檩条约束作用的应力分布,并依据相关试验资料,验证了分析方法的正确性。然后,针对檩条横截面应力分布、侧向位移及极限状态等力学性能进行定性参数分析。研究表明,该方法可以精确计算檩条横截面应力分布,压型钢板对檩条的扭转及侧翼约束作用分别影响檩条上、下翼缘的峰值应力,使得构件局部屈曲应力增大,而畸变屈曲应力降低,从而改变檩条局部失稳模式,使得檩条由局部屈曲失稳转变为畸变屈曲失稳。     

Comparative emission analysis of low-energy and zero-emission buildings

Different designs and concepts of low-energy and zero-emission buildings (ZEBs) are being introduced into the Norwegian market. This study analyses and compares the life cycle emissions of CO₂ equivalents (CO₂e) from eight different single-family houses in the Oslo climate. Included are four ZEBs: one active house, two passive houses, and a reference house (Norwegian building code of 2010). Monthly differences in CO₂e emissions are calculated for the seasonally sensitive Norwegian context for electricity generation and consumption. This is used to supplant the previous applied symmetric weighting approach for CO₂e/kWh factors for import and export of electricity for the ZEB cases. All the ZEBs have lower use-stage emissions compared with the other buildings or the reference case. Embodied impacts are found to be 60–75% for the analysed ZEB cases, confirming the importance of embodied impacts in Norwegian ZEBs. The lowest total emissions were from the smallest ZEB, emphasizing area efficiency. The highest emissions were from the reference case. By abandoning the symmetric approach, a new perspective was developed for assessing the performance of ZEBs within the Norwegian context. One of four ZEB cases managed to balance out its annual energy-related emissions.     

新型混凝土-碎石串联组合桩承载力计算

针对碎石桩容易在桩顶1～3倍桩径高度范围内发生鼓胀破坏现象,提出一种新型碎石桩复合地基:混凝土-碎石散体材料串联组合桩复合地基,并阐述了该新型复合地基的施工工艺。基于计算深基础承载力Meyerhof法,采用多滑块破坏模型,建立了混凝土-碎石散体材料串联组合桩深层鼓胀破坏计算模型,通过随机优化算法寻找临界滑动面,计算得到其单桩极限承载力。将该新型组合桩的承载力理论计算值与数值仿真计算结果、传统碎石桩承载力试验结果进行对比分析,结果表明:提出的多滑块解析计算方法准确性较好;新型桩的承载力比传统碎石桩承载力有了明显提高,相较于传统碎石桩,新型组合桩在混凝土桩段长度1 m时承载力计算值提高了32.76%,在混凝土桩段长度2 m时,承载力计算值提高了54.74%。     

转子在线动平衡嵌入式控制系统开发与验证

为了快速、有效抑制由于质量不平衡引起的转子振动并在线监测转子的实时平衡状态,基于模块化设计思想设计了一种针对电磁式主动平衡装置的嵌入式在线自动平衡控制系统。使用数字信号处理器(digital signal processor,简称DSP)和现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array,简称FPGA)构建了一种快速平衡控制器,基于影响系数法建立了自适应平衡控制模型,采用C和C#语言分别开发了多线程的平衡控制软件和人机交互界面,针对某国产电主轴完成了整个系统功能的试验验证。结果表明:当主轴在3kr/min平稳运行时,通过该自平衡系统可将其振动大约降低43%。     

盾构切削混凝土桥桩刀盘荷载分析

依托北京地铁12号线盾构直接切削西坝河桥16根800桥桩工程,通过三维数值模拟和理论推导,对盾构法清障掘进面荷载展开研究。通过三维动态模拟,分析单个刀具逐次切混凝土荷载变化规律。基于等效原理与单刀切削荷载,提出一种对切桩刀具数、推力及扭矩的估算模型。并将此估算模型用于计算苏州地铁直接切削广济桥掘进面荷载,对比分析计算结果与精确叠加值在推力、扭矩方面的平均误差分别为10%、3.3%,验证了该估算模型的正确性。应用本文模型对盾构穿越西坝河桥各轴桩位掘进面切桩荷载进行预测分析,指出切桩工况主要对扭矩造成影响。研究结果可为类似地层盾构清障工程中掘进面荷载计算提供参考。