Novel silicon-contained lignin-based carbon fibers derived from bamboo pulping black liquor with improved electrochemical performance for supercapacitors

Carbon fibers (CFs) are a promising candidate as electrode materials for flexible supercapacitors given its light weight and moderate cost. In this study, the lignin used was partially separated from kraft bamboo pulping black liquor and the higher molecular weight fraction, unavoidably contains a small amount of silicon compounds, so named silicon-contained lignin. Novel CFs were prepared using commercial polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and the lignin by electrospinning and further carbonization. Even in the presence of silicon compounds, the fibrous morphology of precursor fibers was significantly good, and the CFs with uniform fiber diameter and high specific surface area up to 182 m²/g were obtained with an increase in silicon-contained lignin. The CFs fabricated from silicon-contained lignin and commercial PAN had higher specific capacitance (22.20 mF/cm² at 10 mA/cm²) and superb cycling stability (94.21%) than that from silicon-free lignin or pure PAN separately.     

碱联合超高压预处理对笋壳酶解效率的影响

以竹笋壳（BS）为原料,采用单独超高压（UHP）、单独碱加热（AH）、超高压后碱加热（UHP+AT）和碱加热后超高压（AT+UHP）4种方法进行预处理,并对比分析了样品预处理前后的化学组成、扫描电镜（SEM）、晶体结构（XRD）、红外光谱（FTIR）、比表面积和孔结构及酶水解效率的变化规律。结果表明：与其他处理方法相比,AT+UHP在450MPa压强下处理效果最好。预处理后样品中木质素的脱除率为86.87%,微观表面结构松散和粗糙,结晶指数有所上升,比表面积和孔体积分别为2.590m²/g、0.010cm³/g,酶水解效率高达97.89%。UHP+AT与AT+UHP预处理效果差异不明显,其酶解效率达到96.94%。因此,碱联合超高压处理是生物燃料生产中生物质预处理的一种潜在选择。     

硫酸盐竹浆ECF漂白过程中糖类组分变化的研究

应用高效液相色谱法研究了硫酸盐竹浆 ECF 漂白过程中二氧化氯漂白段糖类组分的变化情况。结果表明,葡聚糖、木聚糖和阿拉伯聚糖在二氧化氯漂白过程中有不同的降解率,葡聚糖降解率只有 0.133%,而木聚糖的降解率为 0.907%,阿拉伯聚糖的降解率达 79.77%,明显高于葡聚糖的降解率。     

TiO2-SnO2 coated bamboo biochar for electrochemical treatment of coking wastewater

A new type of bamboo biochar (BC) loaded TiO₂-SnO₂ particle electrode was prepared and characterized by SEM, FT-IR, BET and XRD for efficient treatment of the coking wastewater in a three-dimensional electrochemical reaction system(3DERs). The results showed that bamboo biochar had a dense microporous space structure, and a significant amount of Ti-Sn oxides existed on the surface and in the interior of the BC. The removal rates of COD and DOC in coking wastewater reached to 73.96% and 66.72% respectively, and UV₂₅₄ reduced from 6.65 cm^-1 to 3.00 cm^-1 by the electrolysis treatment of 150 min at the current density of 30 mA/cm². The three-dimensional fluorescence spectra indicated that the most of the soluble organic compounds and soluble microbial by-products were degraded and transformed. The addition of Ti and Sn enhanced the efficacy of the electrooxidation, electro-adsorption and electrocatalytic behavior of the BC particle electrodes, which improved the treatment effect on coking wastewater in the 3DERs. In addition, this study provides the possibility of basic research for the engineering practice of electrochemical oxidation treatment of coking wastewater.     

竹浆Co-salen仿酶预处理TCF漂白的研究

研究了竹浆Co-salent仿酶预处理TCF漂白,结果表明,竹浆Co-salent仿酶处理方式以单独预处理为宜,适宜条件：Co-salen用量0.03％、吡啶与Co-saler摩尔1：1、NaOH用量3％、H2O2用量1.5％、氧压0.2MPa、浆浓5％、温度90℃、时间5h;竹浆经OCoEpPaP流程漂白后的白度为90.5％,比空白样提高了5.3个百分点。黏度为620mL／g,比空白样降低99mL／g;Co-salen仿酶预处理能在一定程度上提高TCF终漂纸浆物理性能,降低漂白废液COD、BOD、SS负荷,并减少后续P缓和暇漂剂用量40％以上。     

竹纤维混纺针织纱的开发

通过对竹纤维、绢丝、羊绒混纺原料的性能分析,提出利用半精纺设备开发竹纤维混纺产品,使竹纤维混纺产品具备了多种原料的特点,且服用性能好.同时介绍了混纺纱的纺纱工艺流程及各工序采取的工艺措施.     

竹原纤维与竹浆纤维束吸水性能比较

采用基于Whilhelmy原理表面动态接触角测量仪及自制的吸水高度测试装置,以纤维束为试样形态,对比研究了竹原纤维、竹浆纤维、普通粘胶纤维的吸水量、吸水高度与时间的关系.结果表明,与竹浆纤维束、粘胶纤维束相比,竹原纤维束吸水速率快,吸水高度高、吸水量大;竹浆纤维束吸水高度略高于粘胶纤维束,但从吸水量-时间关系看,并没有显示出比粘胶纤维束优越.     

阳离子改性竹原织物的活性染料染色探讨

通过对阳离子改性剂的优选,阳离子改性剂GM能有效改善竹原织物的染色性能.     

竹炭粘胶/棉提花交织物的染整工艺

竹炭粘胶纤维具有抗菌消臭、调湿等功能,根据竹炭/棉交织提花织物的特点,探讨该类产品的染整工艺和生产注意点.试验结果表明,竹炭纤维混纺/交织织物宜采用酶氧一浴练漂工艺,半丝光可使其获得均匀的色泽和较好手感,染色后宜选用亲水性强的氨基硅油柔软剂处理,并需经预缩整理.     

毛竹竹叶多糖分离与纯化技术研究

对毛竹叶采用超声波提取法获得的竹叶多糖粗提取物,采用Sevag法脱蛋白质、乙醇分级沉淀、冷冻干燥后得到粗多糖,进一步用DEAE-52纤维素柱层析、Sephadex葡聚糖凝胶柱层析等方法分离纯化.结果表明:Sevag法脱蛋白3次可脱除97.2%的蛋白质;50%浓度的乙醇沉淀多糖得率最高,为37.6%;DEAE-52纤维素柱层析柱水沈脱的得牢最高,为46.4%;DEAE-52纤维素柱层析柱2次水洗脱获得的竹叶多糖经G-75柱层析和G-100柱层析可得到白色粉末状的中性多糖.选择水和NaCl溶液为洗脱剂的温和条件分离纯化多糖效果较好.