Aquaporin in Candida: characterization of a functional water channel protein.

The Candida albicans genome database contains one ORF with homology to aquaporins, AQY1. Xenopus oocytes injected with cRNA encoding C. albicans Aqy1p displayed a coefficient of water permeability (P(f)) that was equivalent to the P(f) for oocytes injected with the cRNA of S. cerevisiae Aqy1p. In addition, as seen in Saccharomyces for Aqy1p and Aqy2p, deletion of AQY1 in C. albicans resulted in cells that were less sensitive than wild-type to osmotic shock. In Saccharomyces, aquaporin null cells also have a cell surface that is more hydrophobic. However, unlike Saccharomyces, there was no effect on the cell surface hydrophobicity, flocculation or cell aggregation in aqy1 null C. albicans cells. Perhaps as a result, there was no difference between the virulence of C. albicans wild-type and aqy1 null strains in a murine model for systemic candidiasis.     

The diversity of retrotransposons in the yeast Cryptococcus neoformans.

We have undertaken an analysis of the retrotransposons in the medically important basidiomycetous fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. Using the data generated by a C. neoformans genome sequencing project at the Stanford Genome Technology Center, 15 distinct families of LTR retrotransposons and several families of non-LTR retrotransposons were identified. Members of at least seven families have transposed recently and are probably still active. For several families, only partial elements could be identified and these are quite diverse in sequence, suggesting that they are ancient components of the C. neoformans genome. Most C. neoformans elements are not closely related to previously identified fungal retrotransposons, suggesting that the diversity of fungal retrotransposons has been only sparsely sampled to date. C. neoformans has fewer distinct retrotransposon families than Candida albicans (37 or more), in particular fewer families represented solely by ancient and inactive elements, but it has considerably more families than either Saccharomyces cerevisiae (five) or Schizosaccharomyces pombe (two). The findings suggest that elimination of retrotransposons is faster in C. neoformans than in C. albicans, but perhaps not as rapid as in S. cerevisiae or Sz. pombe. The identification of the retrotransposons of C. neoformans should assist in the molecular characterization of this important pathogen, and also further our understanding of the role played by retroelements in genome evolution.     

Effects of Fruiting Bodies of Basidiomycetes on Yeast Growth Rates

The effects of edible fruiting of Basidiomycetes on growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other yeast strains were examined. The growth rates were significantly increased in the presence of fruiting bodies but there was no significant difference growth yield between cultures with and without fruiting bodies. Growth rates of yeast cells were promoted in both synthetic and natural media.     

过滤和包装中采用CO_2抑制成品酒指标的反弹

采用纯度为99.7 %～99.9 %的CO2 背压过滤 ,压力≤0.10MPa ,滤酒温度为 -1.0～1.0℃ ;在压力≤0.10MPa下利用CO2 背压或补压 ,进行成品包装 ,可改变使用压缩空气背压生产啤酒引起的后期啤酒风味败坏现象。     

S. Cerevisiae活性细胞消除啤酒酵母提取物的异味

在啤酒酵母水解液中添加S.Cerevisiae活性细胞,并保温培养一定时间后,能除啤酒酵母水解液的异味.通过正交试验得出其较佳的培养条件为培养液pH5.3、温度30℃、接种量0.5%、培养时间16h、培养液浓度为啤酒酵母水解液原液水=10.5.将脱除异味的啤酒酵母水解液在低浓度啤酒和高辅料(大米)比例啤酒的酿造中应用作为啤酒酿造的补充氮源试验,取得了良好的效果.     

THE HISTORY OF BREWING IN BURTON UPON TRENT

The growth of the brewing industry in Burton on Trent from the eleventh century in Burton Abbey is traced through the many phases of development to the present day.     

反复分批发酵法制备甘油过程中的影响因素

对游离耐高渗酵母细胞反复分批发酵生产甘油的影响因素进行研究 ,结果表明 :反复分批发酵过程中所需的最优玉米浆浓度低于普通的分批发醇 ;较好的菌体反复利用时机确定为发酵液中残糖降至约 1% ,即细胞活性为 60 %时 ;在菌体的反复利用过程中残留在菌体中的代谢产物的累积会对甘油发酵产生抑制作用 ,每次菌体利用之前用无菌水洗涤菌体一遍可消除抑制.     

阿拉伯木聚糖研究进展

阿拉伯木聚糖是谷物细胞壁多糖的重要组成部分,对谷物加工和啤酒酿造产生重大影响。介绍了阿拉伯木聚糖的分离纯化,测定方法,结构分析,牧师化学性质及对啤酒酿造的影响。     

快速测定啤酒酒精度和真正发酵度的方法

介绍了一种快速测定啤酒中酒精含量的方法,并且建立了啤酒发酵过程中酒精含量与真正发酵度之间的关系,由此可以计算啤酒的真正发酵度。     

啤酒活性干酵母应用工艺的研究

探讨了啤酒活性干酵母（ADY）的活化条件及使用工艺。啤酒ADY的最佳活化条件为：活化液为12Bx麦汁,33℃复水,30℃活化2h。啤酒ADY的使用量为0.5%,将活化后的ADY经低温培养后进行发酵的效果更佳。