The Relational-Interdependent Self-Construal, Self-Concept Consistency, and Well-Being.

Examination of the assumptions underlying consistency perspectives in social and personality psychology reveals that they are based on an independent, individualistic view of the self. If the self is constructed as relational or interdependent with others, consistency may be less important in social behavior and well-being. Using a variety of measures of well-being, the studies showed that there is a weaker relation between consistency and well-being for individuals with a highly relational self-construal than for those with a low relational self-construal. Study 3 examined the association between the self-construal, consistency, authenticity, and well-being. These findings reveal the importance of a cultural analysis of theories of the self, personality, and well-being for further theory development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Monotonic and cyclic oedometer tests on sand at high stress levels

In this paper, one-dimensional compression behavior of uniformly graded fine sand is studied with the use of oedometer test at elevated stress levels. To reach the elevated stress levels, testing is performed in a strain controlled manner. In addition, standard stress controlled testing method is also used at lower stress levels for the purpose of comparison. Specimens prepared with initial relative densities ranging from loose to dense are subjected to normal loading as well as hysteretic and repeated loading patterns. Results showed that there is a linear relationship between compressibility index and relative density. The magnitude of compression is mainly influenced by inundation where the compressibility behavior is found to be depending on the initial formation density. Regardless of the initial formation density, convergence to a similar compression index is observed with the hysteretically loaded samples whereas a continuous modification was obtained with repetitively loaded reformed specimens.     

钻井井架力学性能分析

钻井井架作为钻机系统设备中的关键部分,其力学性能直接关系到整套钻机系统的安全生产。文章推导了常用于分析钻井井架力学性能的理论,即线性屈曲、几何非线性和双重非线性理论。提出同时用这三种理论对钻井井架进行综合比较分析,从而合理地预见井架力学性能的方法。以A形钻井井架为例,进行了详细的分析,得到了井架的失稳形式、极限承载、破坏特征及薄弱部位,为钻井井架的设计、优化与评定提供了参考。     

十二烷硫基硼酸铈的合成及摩擦学行为研究

合成了油溶性化合物十二烷硫基硼酸铈(简称CeDMB)，并用作润滑油添加剂。采用四球摩擦试验机和环—块试验机评价了其抗磨减摩性能。结果表明，十二烷硫基硼酸铈使HVI500基础油的抗磨性能得到明显改善，承载能力明显提高，摩擦系数明显降低。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察证实磨斑表面含有沉积物膜，结合X—射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析，可以推断添加剂在摩擦过程中发生摩擦化学反应，生成的Ce2O3、CeO2和B2O3沉积在摩擦副表面，形成润滑膜，从而改善其抗磨减摩性能。     

Behavior and movements of Indian meal moths (Plodia interpunctella Hübner) during commodity infestation

A model warehouse with carefully regulated environmental conditions was used to study the behavior of adult Indian meal moths during commodity infestation. Sequences of moth distributions in the warehouse, calculated by spatial analysis, clearly showed the coordinated movements of moth populations from eclosion to death. Many facets of adult behavior in a warehouse were coordinated with the photoperiod. Adult moths emerged at the end of a photophase and fairly rapidly moved to the walls and, to a lesser extent, to the undersides of the commodity pallets. Most females are mated in the first 24 h after emergence, largely during the scotophase. Air circulation within the warehouse probably compromised pheromone-directed guidance of males to females, although pheromones may still have a major role in regulating other aspects of male mating behavior. When mating subsided, many of the males flew upwind to the air circulating unit, but only during the photophases. The females moved to the return air side of the warehouse and then migrated towards the same end as the males, but only during the scotophases. They moved from pallet to pallet largely by walking on the warehouse floor and laid eggs in or on the cups of commodity. Direct oviposition on the commodity during the infestation period was lower than expected, probably because commodity odors were dissipated by air circulation and did not provide appropriate orientation. At 144 h after emergence, 90% of the moth population had died.     

Assimilation for Affiliation and Contrast for Control: Complementary Self-Construals.

People have knowledge about relationships (i.e., relational schemas) that is based on their experiences. Because most people have experience with complementary behavior (interaction partners behaving similarly in terms of affiliation but oppositely in terms of control), they expect complementary behavior in their relationships. Like other beliefs about relationships, expectations of complementarity affect self-construal. The authors provide evidence for complementary self-construal; people assimilate to relevant relationship partners on the affiliation dimension and contrast on the control dimension. Consistent with the proposed role of relationship knowledge in these effects, complementary self-construal was moderated by the familiarity of the target, whether people focused on their relationship with or the appearance of the target, and whether the context was relevant for the interpersonal dimension. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A connectionist implementation of the theory of planned behavior: Association of beliefs with exercise intention.

The theory of planned behavior suggests attitudes are a product of salient beliefs. This study examined whether aggregating salient beliefs was plausible within a more biologically centered information-processing environment. A neural network was used to examine associations among beliefs relating to exercise intention. Data on intentions and behavioral, normative, and control beliefs from 114 respondents were used to train (by error backpropagation) a neural network to associate beliefs with intention. The R2 between the network's estimated and self-reported intention was .66. The network's representation comprised 6 belief profiles associated with high, moderate, or low behavioral intention. The neural network accommodated complex relationships among beliefs and belief-intention associations and indicated how high-level constructs such as attitudes may be viewed as the best fit (compromise state) between aroused beliefs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Fictions and Facts About Evolutionary Approaches to Human Behavior: Comment on Lickliter and Honeycutt (2003).

Six misconceptions about evolutionary approaches to human behavior are exposed. Evidence is adduced to support the assertions that evolutionary approaches do not (a) adopt a reductionistic "gene-centered" level of analysis, (b) assume that natural selection is the only process that creates and designs ontogenetic processes and phenotypic outcomes, (c) assume that genes are the only agents responsible for the transgenerational inheritance of phenotypic traits and characteristics, (d) assume that genes are self-contained and impervious to extragenetic influences, (e) posit a strong form of genetic determinism, or (f) pay lip service to the role of the environment. Building straw men and knocking them down is an inherently destructive enterprise; integrating different approaches is a more constructive way of contributing to the growth of knowledge. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

技术创新中介组织的政府行为刍议

在世界经济竞争日趋激烈和科技发展突飞猛进的今天,技术创新中介组织将拥有巨大的发展空间。必须针对我国技术创新中介组织的发展现状,规范政府和中介组织的行为。     

The silence of the library: Environment, situational norm, and social behavior.

On the basis of the idea that situational norms are mentally represented as associations between environments and normative behavior, it was proposed that an environment can automatically direct normative behavior. More specifically, when situational norms are well-established (e.g., when entering the library, one should be silent), an environment is capable of automatically activating mental representations of normative behavior and the behavior itself. In these experiments, participants were exposed to pictures of environments, and effects on accessibility of representations of normative behavior and on actual behavior were assessed. Results indicated that representations of behavior and actual behavior itself are activated automatically when (a) goals to visit the environment are active and (b) strong associations between environment and normative behavior are established. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)