一种适用于混合储能系统的双向软开关同步Buck电路研究

针对基于超级电容与蓄电池的有源式混合储能系统,提出一种用于储能元件与负载能量交换的软开关双向同步Buck变换器。该变换器在不增加额外谐振元件的情况下,可实现双向变换主功率管的零电压开关。分析了其工作原理,给出了参数设计方法。仿真和实验结果验证了理论分析,由于实现了开关管的零电压开关且应用了同步整流技术,变换器实测效率达95.5%。     

Digital Control of a Power Conditioner for Fuel Cell/Super-capacitor Hybrid System

This article proposes a digital control scheme to operate a proton exchange membrane fuel cell module of 1.2 kW and a super-capacitor through a DC/DC hybrid converter. A fuel cell has been proposed as a primary source of energy, and a super-capacitor has been proposed as an auxiliary source of energy. Experimental validation of the system implemented in the laboratory is provided. Several tests have been performed to verify that the system achieves excellent output voltage (V₀) regulation and super-capacitor voltage (V_SC) control under disturbances from fuel cell power (P_FC) and output power (P₀) as well as other perturbations described in analysis results.     

Numerical simulation of mixed convective 3D flow of a chemically reactive nanofluid subject to convective Nield's conditions with a nonuniform heat source/sink

The present investigation aims to explore the influence of a mixed convection and nonuniform heat source/sink on unsteady flow of a chemically reactive nanofluid driven by a bidirectionally expandable surface. Convective heat transport phenomenon is used to maintain the temperature of the surface. Moreover, zero mass flux is also accounted at the surface such that the fraction of nanomaterial maintains itself on strong retardation. The governing nonlinear set of partial differential equations is transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations via a suitable combination of variables. The Keller‐Box scheme has been incorporated to make a numerical inspection of the transformed problem. The spectacular impacts of the pertinent constraints on thermal and concentration distributions are elucidated through various plots. Graphical outcomes indicate that the thermal state of nanomaterial and nanoparticles concentration are escalated for elevated amounts of Biot number, porosity parameter and nonuniform heat source/sink constraints. Furthermore, it is also seen that escalating amounts of unsteady parameter, temperature controlling indices, Prandtl number, and expansion ratio parameter reduce the thermal and concentration distributions. Numerical results for the rate of heat transference have been reported in tabular form. The grid independence approach is used to verify the convergence of the numerical solution and the CPU run time is also obtained to check the efficiency of the numerical scheme adopted for finding the solution.     

高压供油泵凸轮轴润滑特性的热流固耦合分析

受多因素的影响,能量方程过于复杂,在结合能量方程求解油膜温度时需对能量方程进行简化,而简化后的能量方程未必能反映真实的油膜温度。为更好地反映真实的油膜温度,建立一种可代入温度实验数据或导入软件计算的温度数据的黏温效应一维计算仿真模型。基于Workbench实现考虑主轴产生变形及黏温效应影响的油膜-主轴双向热流固耦合分析,研究黏温效应对主轴摩擦副油膜特性的影响,并对黏温效应影响下不同转速下的油膜特性进行分析。结果表明:无论是否考虑黏温效应,主轴转速的增加都将导致油膜压力、温度、最小油膜厚度及主轴形变呈上升趋势;考虑黏温效应时,主轴油膜压力和油膜承载力下降,且随着转速提升,黏温效应对油膜最大压力及承载力的影响愈趋明显,故高转速下尤其需要考虑黏温效应对油膜润滑的影响。     

基于视觉和PID算法的重载AGV控制系统设计

为了改善现有AGV的不足并能搬运大型货物,设计出一种以PLC为主控的重载AGV。系统采用减速电机增大力矩,提升负载能力,双向循迹的结构解决了难以调转车头的问题。利用视觉传感器对色带进行图像处理,将传感器与色带中心线的偏差值反馈给PLC,运用PID算法调整直流电机的转速以实时纠偏;该传感器也能读取站点的数据矩阵码带信息,实现AGV的导航与定位。测试结果表明:该AGV可沿色带路径循迹运行,识别到目标站点的码带后读码停车,偏差始终保持在±13 mm的范围内,证明了算法的有效性。     

A validation of the Radiance three-phase simulation method for modelling annual daylight performance of optically complex fenestration systems

A new capability that enables annual simulation of optically complex fenestration systems has been added to Radiance. The method relies on bidirectional scattering distribution function (BSDF) input data, which are used in an efficient matrix calculation to compute time-step performance given TMY data. The objective of this study was to explain the value of this capability to designers and developers of innovative daylighting systems and to demonstrate its speed and accuracy via comparisons of simulated to measured illuminance data for a daylight-redirecting optical louver system. The method was shown to provide valid results that accurately replicate real-world conditions with an absolute mean bias error below 13% and a root mean square error below 23%. Routine application of this new capability will not be hindered by slow computational speed for illuminance calculations. Instead, the capability will be dependent on the availability of BSDF data for daylighting, shading and fenestration systems.     

嵌入式导航系统中路径分析的优化

由于嵌入式计算机受到硬件资源的限制,特别是芯片速度的限制,若在车载导航系统中采用通用算法进行路径分析,则会使得分析很低效,耗时很长,尤其对大跨度,更加难以忍受。针对该问题,提出了3个优化路经分析的方法,即分层分析方法、经验数据方法和优化搜索算法,并给出了双向搜索算法和使用启发信息的方法。通过实验证实了这几种方法能有效地提高路径分析速度,大大提高嵌入式导航产品的实用性。     

液压同步连续滑移系统的同步控制算法

液压同步连续滑移技术是为解决大型构件移位安装问题而产生的一门新兴施工技术,该技术的核心是同步性控制.分析了一种计算机控制液压同步连续滑移的同步控制算法——双限幅 PID 控制算法,最后通过实际应用验证了该算法的有效性和可操作性.     

Excitation system of asynchronized turbogenerators

In contrast to conventional synchronous turbogenerators, an asynchronized turbogenerator can operate for a long time with a disabled excitation system and short-circuited longitudinal-lateral rotor windings, which increases substantially the operational reliability. The requirements on the power and information equipment of the excitation system with respect to redundancy are also less strict. Computer simulation of emergency conditions in an asynchronized turbogenerator has made it possible to substantiate the requirements on the speed of response to current reversal in the excitation system and to recommend an algorithm for protection performance upon transition of the turbogenerator to the standby mode.Translated from Élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 9, September 2004, pp. 67–72.     

钝化多晶线路中电迁移损伤的预测

1　Introduction　　Thelatestprogressinpackagedsiliconinte gratedcircuits (ICs)isnoteworthy .Withthead vance ,however,someproblemsaboutthedeterio rationofthereliabilityhavebeenraised .Forin stance,thehighercurrentdensityduetoscalingdowncauseselectromigrationininterconnectmetalline.Electromigrationisthetransportationofthemetallicatomsbyelectronwind .Voidsareformedasaresultofdepletionofatoms,andhillocksareformedasaresultofaccumulationofatomsinthemetalline .Thegrowthofvoidsultimatelyleadstometal…