铝的低温电解质体系基础研究之一：MCl－M_3AlF_6（M＝Na，K）二元系的相图计算

将双亚晶格模型应用于含络合离子的铝电解质体系中，基于ＣＡＬＰＨＡＤ技术利用ＰＡＲＲＯＴ优化程序块对ＭＣｌ－Ｍ_３ＡｌＦ_６（Ｍ＝Ｎａ，Ｋ）伪二元系相图进行优化计算，得到了热力学数据自洽一致的结果，并对结果进行了分析讨论。     

可再生能源发电制绿氢和氢能储运技术现状与发展分析

氢能已纳入我国能源发展战略。绿氢作为一种绿色二次能源,能够助推实现“双碳”目标。氢气制备和储运是氢能产业链的关键环节。重点阐述了电解水制绿氢和氢能储运的技术类型与发展现状,并对其应用前景和发展趋势进行了分析;提出氢气生产成本和储运方式是限制氢大规模部署的主要技术瓶颈;最后为传统电力企业进入绿氢制备和储运产业提供了一些思考和建议。     

A New Family of Proton‐Conducting Electrolytes for Reversible Solid Oxide Cells: BaHfxCe0.8−xY0.1Yb0.1O3−δ

Reversible solid oxide cells based on ceramic proton conductors have potential to be the most efficient system for large‐scale energy storage. The performance and long‐term durability of these systems, however, are often limited by the ionic conductivity or stability of the proton‐conducting electrolyte. Here new family of solid oxide electrolytes, BaHf_xCe_0.8?xY_0.1Yb_0.1O_3?δ (BHCYYb), which demonstrate a superior ionic conductivity to stability trade‐off than the state‐of‐the‐art proton conductors, BaZr_xCe_0.8?xY_0.1Yb_0.1O_3?δ (BZCYYb), at similar Zr/Hf concentrations, as confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis, Raman, and X‐ray diffraction analysis of samples over 500 h of testing are reported. The increase in performance is revealed through thermodynamic arguments and first‐principle calculations. In addition, lab scale full cells are fabricated, demonstrating high peak power densities of 1.1, 1.4, and 1.6 W cm^?2 at 600, 650, and 700 °C, respectively. Round‐trip efficiencies for steam electrolysis at 1 A cm^?2 are 78%, 72%, and 62% at 700, 650, and 600 °C, respectively. Finally, CO₂? H₂O electrolysis is carried out for over 700 h with no degradation.     

S7.300型PLC在全自动在链阳极钢爪校直机中应用

全自动在链阳极钢爪校直机是用于铝电解组装车间的新型自动化设备。通过对该设备的结构、工作原理、液压系统及其操作要求的分析,研制了基于S7-300型PLC和PV1000触摸屏的控制系统。该系统具备自动加热、校直运行、在线监视、离线故障检测和多台设备协同工作的功能。描述了该控制系统的软、硬件设计方法及其特点。     

Bimetal-Incorporated Black Phosphorene with Surface Electron Deficiency for Efficient Anti-Reconstruction Water Electrolysis

Surface reconstruction (SRC) is a common phenomenon and a promotion manner for Ni/Co-based precatalysts during the water splitting process. However, the catalytic surface reconstruction will in turn complicate the streamlined prediction and modeling on the catalytic activity. Hence, the rational design of anti-SRC catalysts is highly desirable, but challengeable. In this article, a series of affordable bimetal-incorporated black phosphorene (BP) catalysts are constructed by an in situ electro-exfoliation/insertion method for anti-SRC water electrolysis. It is found that the bimetals (e.g., NiFe, NiPd) are of cationic and covalent incorporation with electron-deficient state in few-layer BP. The optimized bimetal-BP structures present excellent and stable catalytic performances with low overpotentials in hydrogen evolution (HER, 53 mV, NiPd-BP) and oxygen evolution (OER, 268 mV, NiFe-BP) reactions at 10 mA cm⁻² in 1 m KOH. The anti-SRC behaviors are elucidated by in situ Raman studies during HER/OER, probably due to the balanced electron transfer pathway on Ni sites. This research opens interesting possibilities for designing the anti-SRC catalysts for efficient hydrogen production and authentic structure-activity understandings.     

氯化钠晶体注入着色

用自制的电注入装置,对氯化钠（NaCl）晶体进行电注入并使之有效着色,在晶体中产生F色心、胶体（C）心和一些未知色心。采用3种不同条件对NaCl晶体进行电注入,详细研究了温度和电压对色心浓度的影响。研究结果表明,随着温度和电压的升高,色心的浓度增大,并且存晶体不同部位,相应色心浓度不同。     

浅谈金川高冰镍传统精炼工艺技术改方案和镍产品结构调整

论述了金川有色金属公司现行高冰镍精炼工艺技改的必要性。在综合国内外高冰镍精炼技术的基础上,结合金川有色金属公司的实际,重点阐述了高冰镍硫酸湿法精炼和氯化精炼工艺的优缺点。指出,现行高冰镍精炼工艺的改造应吸取氯化精炼和硫酸湿法精炼两种工艺的长处,稳妥地向高冰镍全湿法精炼过渡。文中还对该公司镍产品结构调整提出看法。     

熔盐电解法制备硅粉的研究

以废旧石英坩埚为原料,在850℃的氯化钙熔盐中直接电解制备硅粉。采用XRD、SEM和ICP-AES对粉体进行表征和杂质含量检测。结果表明,电解后的粉体为呈准球形的单质硅,硼﹑磷杂质含量低,适合于制备太阳能级硅。     

硫化氢吸收液的电化学分解条件研究

理想的脱硫工艺应满足体积小、费用低、净化度高、无二次污染等要求。在碱性溶液吸收微量硫化氢时同步进行电解，可有效减小设备体积，并将硫化氢转变为氢气和硫磺，不产生恶性气味。为此，实验研究了温度、浓度、电流密度、pH值等因素对电解阳极过程的影响，确定了适宜的电解条件，并在该条件下进行了吸收实验。结果表明，在最佳电解条件下，硫化钠溶液能充分吸收天然气中经变压吸附提浓的硫化氢（800 mg/m³），吸收率大于99.9％。     

熔盐电解法制备钨铜合金粉

在NaCl-KCl-Na2WO4-CuO体系中采用熔盐电解法直接制取钨铜合金粉,并对产物进行了XRD、SEM及EDS分析。结果表明,在780～800℃电解、阴极电流密度106～133mA/cm2、电解时间3～4h、电压2.2～3.2V的条件下,可以得到纯度99%以上、平均粒度0.91μm的钨铜合金粉末,各项指标基本达到了工业上烧结钨铜合金的要求。